ASTM C357-94(2002)e1

Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of Granular Refractory Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the bulk density of granular refractory materials, commercial products which usually have particles that are retained on a 0.265-in. (6.7-mm) or coarser sieve.  
Note 1—This test method is not suitable for materials that hydrate in boiling water. Such materials may be tested in accordance with Test Method C493.
1.2  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-May-1994
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.03 - Physical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C357-94(1998) - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of Granular Refractory Materials
• Effective Date: 15-May-1994
• Replaced By: ASTM C357-07 - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of Granular Refractory Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2007
• Referred By: ASTM C544-18 - Standard Test Method for Hydration of Dead-Burned Magnesite or Periclase Grain
• Effective Date: 15-May-1994

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation:C 357–94 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Bulk Density of Granular Refractory Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 357; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Footnote 5 was modified editorially in November 2002.
1. Scope in determining suitability for end use. One of the important
properties is bulk density because of its relationship to end
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
product quality, usage, and performance.
bulk density of granular refractory materials, commercial
3.2 Therefractoriesproducercanusethistestmethodasone
products which usually have particles that are retained on a
of the quality-control tests for his manufactured or mined
0.265-in. (6.7-mm) or coarser sieve.
refractory grain raw materials or for evaluating potential
NOTE 1—This test method is not suitable for materials that hydrate in
refractory grain raw materials.
boiling water. Such materials may be tested in accordance with Test
3.3 For the refractories consumer, the principal use of this
Method C 493.
testmethodisintheevaluationofthequalityortheconsistency
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of quality of the granular material in purchased refractory
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mixes or in bulk granular refractory materials used by the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
consumer.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.4 Thisisaprimarytestmethod,andthusissuitableforuse
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
in specifications, quality control, and research and develop-
ment. It can also serve as a referee test method in purchasing
2. Referenced Documents
contracts or agreements and as a base for development of more
2.1 ASTM Standards:
rapid, secondary test methods for use in quality control on
C 493 TestMethodforBulkDensityandPorosityofGranu-
manufactured refractory raw materials.
lar Refractory Materials by Mercury Displacement
3.5 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method
C 574 Method for Chemical Analysis of Magnesite and
are that the sample is representative of the material in general,
Dolomite Refractories
the particle size of the sample is within the range specified by
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
the test method, the material is not readily hydratable, and the
poses
size and quantity of pores in the material permits removal of
surface water without drainage from the pores themselves.
3. Significance and Use
Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the useful-
3.1 Granular refractory materials may be either refractory
ness of the test results.
grain raw materials that are used in the manufacture of finished
3.6 In interpreting the results of this test method, it must be
refractory products, or bulk granular refractory materials that
recognized that the specific gravity of the material as well as
are sold, with or without some degree of processing, to
the porosity affects the value obtained for bulk density. Thus,
refractory consumers for various uses. In either case, charac-
comparisons of results should only be made between like
terizing the properties of a granular refractory material is
materials or with full recognition of inherent differences
essential in evaluating its quality or consistency of quality and
between the materials being compared.
4. Apparatus
This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee C-8 on
4.1 Laboratory Jaw Crusher or Rolls, for crushing samples
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
Properties. to pass a 0.265-in. (6.7-mm) sieve.
Current edition approved May 15, 1994. Published July 1994. Originally
4.2 Standard Sieves, 0.265-in. and No. 8 (2.36-mm) with
published as C 357 – 55 T. Last previous edition C 357 – 91.
Pan and Cover (Note 2)—The sieves shall conform to Speci-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
fication E 11.
Discontinued—See 1993 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
e1
C 357–94 (2002)
NOTE 3—Clean the buret at frequent intervals with dichromate or a
4.2.1 The coarser sieve may be the No. 4 (4.75 mm) and the
similar cleaning solution to ensure complete drainage without drops of
finer sieve may be the No. 6 (3.35 mm) or No. 12 (1.70 mm),
water forming on the walls. The dichromate cleaning solution is made by
if tests indicate that the range in particle size is not critical.
pouring 1 Lof concentrated sulfuric acid slowly into 35 mLof a saturated
sodium dichromate solution. Avoid contact with flesh or clothing.
NOTE 2—The 0.265-in., No. 4, No. 6, No. 8, and No. 12 ASTM sieves
are equivalent to 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10-mesh, respectively, of the Tyler
7.4 Totally saturate blotting cloth, then gently wring out to
Standard Series.
a no-drip condition. Spread out damp cloth (landscape orien-
4.3 DryingOven,adjustableto220to230°F(105to110°C).
tation) and pour wet grain carefully onto cloth, with no loss of
1 3
4.4 Riffle, with six or more ⁄2 to ⁄4 -in. (13 to 19-mm)
particles.With a small metal spatula, spread grain over left half
troughs with pans, or a smooth plate at least 15 in. (381 mm)
of cloth to a single grain layer. Fold right half of cloth over top
square and a 300-mm blade spatula or trowel for sample
of grain and gently pat to blot, without abrading any grain
quartering.
edges if possible. Open cloth and, using
...