ASTM C357-94(1998)

Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of Granular Refractory Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the bulk density of granular refractory materials, commercial products which usually have particles that are retained on a 0.265-in. (6.7-mm) or coarser sieve.  Note 1-This test method is not suitable for materials that hydrate in boiling water. Such materials may be tested in accordance with Test Method C493.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-1998
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.03 - Physical Properties

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM C357-94(2002)e1 - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of Granular Refractory Materials
• Effective Date: 15-May-1994
• Referred By: ASTM C544-18 - Standard Test Method for Hydration of Dead-Burned Magnesite or Periclase Grain
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1998

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:C 357–94 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Test Method for
Bulk Density of Granular Refractory Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 357; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope refractory grain raw materials or for evaluating potential
refractory grain raw materials.
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
3.3 For the refractories consumer, the principal use of this
bulk density of granular refractory materials, commercial
testmethodisintheevaluationofthequalityortheconsistency
products which usually have particles that are retained on a
of quality of the granular material in purchased refractory
0.265-in. (6.7-mm) or coarser sieve.
mixes or in bulk granular refractory materials used by the
NOTE 1—This test method is not suitable for materials that hydrate in
consumer.
boiling water. Such materials may be tested in accordance with Test
3.4 Thisisaprimarytestmethod,andthusissuitableforuse
Method C 493.
in specifications, quality control, and research and develop-
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ment. It can also serve as a referee test method in purchasing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
contracts or agreements and as a base for development of more
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
rapid, secondary test methods for use in quality control on
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
manufactured refractory raw materials.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.5 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method
are that the sample is representative of the material in general,
2. Referenced Documents
the particle size of the sample is within the range specified by
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the test method, the material is not readily hydratable, and the
C 493 TestMethodforBulkDensityandPorosityofGranu-
size and quantity of pores in the material permits removal of
lar Refractory Materials by Mercury Displacement
surface water without drainage from the pores themselves.
C 574 Method for Chemical Analysis of Magnesite and
Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the useful-
Dolomite Refractories
ness of the test results.
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
3.6 In interpreting the results of this test method, it must be
poses
recognized that the specific gravity of the material as well as
the porosity affects the value obtained for bulk density. Thus,
3. Significance and Use
comparisons of results should only be made between like
3.1 Granular refractory materials may be either refractory
materials or with full recognition of inherent differences
grain raw materials that are used in the manufacture of finished
between the materials being compared.
refractory products, or bulk granular refractory materials that
are sold, with or without some degree of processing, to
4. Apparatus
refractory consumers for various uses. In either case, charac-
4.1 Laboratory Jaw Crusher or Rolls, for crushing samples
terizing the properties of a granular refractory material is
to pass a 0.265-in. (6.7-mm) sieve.
essential in evaluating its quality or consistency of quality and
4.2 Standard Sieves, 0.265-in. and No. 8 (2.36-mm) with
in determining suitability for end use. One of the important
Pan and Cover (Note 2)—The sieves shall conform to Speci-
properties is bulk density because of its relationship to end
fication E 11.
product quality, usage, and performance.
4.2.1 The coarser sieve may be the No. 4 (4.75 mm) and the
3.2 Therefractoriesproducercanusethistestmethodasone
finer sieve may be the No. 6 (3.35 mm) or No. 12 (1.70 mm),
of the quality-control tests for his manufactured or mined
if tests indicate that the range in particle size is not critical.
NOTE 2—The 0.265-in., No. 4, No. 6, No. 8, and No. 12 ASTM sieves
are equivalent to 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10-mesh, respectively, of the Tyler
This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee C-8 on
Standard Series.
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
Tests and Properties.
4.3 DryingOven,adjustableto220to230°F(105to110°C).
Current edition approved May 15, 1994. Published July 1994. Originally
published as C 357 – 55 T. Last previous edition C 357 – 91.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
Discontinued—See 1993 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
4 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Available from W. S. Tyler, Inc., 3615 Superior Ave., Mentor, OH 44060.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 357
1 3
4.4 Riffle, with six or more ⁄2 to ⁄4-in. (13 to 19-mm) edges if possible. Open cloth and, using edges, roll grain into
troughs with pans, or a smooth plate at least 15 in. (381 mm) center, then onto left half of cloth; repeat these steps as
square and a 300-mm blade spatula or trowel for sample necessary until grains have lost their sheen and no grains are
quartering. adhering together. Open cloth and roll grain into center, using
4.5 Balance, capacity 200 g, sensitivity 0.01 g. metal spatula to assist in grain transfer.
4.6 Hot Plate.
7.5 Record the water meniscus level in the buret to the
4.7 Beakers, 250-mL.
nearest 0.05 mL. Pour grains into the buret and shake so as to
4.8 Buret, 50-mL, ca
...