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ASTM D8344-20

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Ammonium Bifluoride and Nitric Acid Digestion of Airborne Dust and Dust-Wipe Samples for the Determination of Metals and Metalloids

Standard Practice for Ammonium Bifluoride and Nitric Acid Digestion of Airborne Dust and Dust-Wipe Samples for the Determination of Metals and Metalloids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended for the digestion of metals and metalloids in airborne dust and dust wipe samples collected during various activities performed in and around workplaces, buildings and related structures.  
5.2 This practice is applicable to the digestion of airborne dust and dust wipe samples collected in accordance with Test Method D4532, Guide D6062, Practice D7144 or Guide E1370 for airborne dust, and Practices D6966, D7296, D7822, or E1728 using wipes that may or may not conform to Specifications D7707 or E1792.  
5.2.1 This practice is applicable to the digestion of airborne dust sample filters that have been removed from their sampling cassettes which have been wiped to collect all dust adhering to the side walls and included in the hard-walled containers as part of the collected samples.  
5.2.2 This practice is applicable to the digestion of airborne dust samples that use acid-soluble cellulosic air sampling capsules with the entire contents of the cassettes transferred to hard-walled containers.  
5.2.3 This practice is applicable to the digestion of settled dust samples collected using wipe materials in hard-walled containers.  
5.3 Digestates prepared according to this practice are intended to be analyzed for metal and metalloid concentrations using spectrometric techniques such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) (see Test Methods D4185, D6785, D7035, D7439, E1613, E3193, and E3203), or for lead using electrochemical techniques such as anodic stripping voltammetry (see Practice E2051), or for beryllium using optical fluorescence detection (see Test Method D7202).  
5.4 Laboratories developing in-house test methods using this procedure shall determine precision and bias in accordance with the principles laid down by their accrediting agency.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the digestion of airborne and surface dust samples (collected using air and wipe sampling practices) and associated quality control (QC) samples for the determination of metals and metalloids by means of a mixture of dilute ammonium bifluoride and nitric acid.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and not part of mandatory requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2020
ICS
13.040.30 - Workplace atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.04 - Workplace Air Quality
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D1356-20a - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Sep-2020
Refers
ASTM D1356-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
15-Mar-2020

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ASTM D8344-20 - Standard Practice for Ammonium Bifluoride and Nitric Acid Digestion of Airborne Dust and Dust-Wipe Samples for the Determination of Metals and MetalloidsASTM D8344-20 - Standard Practice for Ammonium Bifluoride and Nitric Acid Digestion of Airborne Dust and Dust-Wipe Samples for the Determination of Metals and Metalloids
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ASTM D8344-20 - Standard Practice for Ammonium Bifluoride and Nitric Acid Digestion of Airborne Dust and Dust-Wipe Samples for the Determination of Metals and Metalloids
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D8344 −20
Standard Practice for
Ammonium Bifluoride and Nitric Acid Digestion of Airborne
Dust and Dust-Wipe Samples for the Determination of
1
Metals and Metalloids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8344; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4532Test Method for Respirable Dust in Workplace At-
mospheres Using Cyclone Samplers
1.1 This practice covers the digestion of airborne and
D4840Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
surface dust samples (collected using air and wipe sampling
D6062GuideforPersonalSamplersofHealth-RelatedAero-
practices) and associated quality control (QC) samples for the
sol Fractions
determination of metals and metalloids by means of a mixture
D6785TestMethodforDeterminationofLeadinWorkplace
of dilute ammonium bifluoride and nitric acid.
Air Using Flame or Graphite FurnaceAtomicAbsorption
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Spectrometry
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D6966Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples
standard.
Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Determi-
1.3 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and
nation of Metals
not part of mandatory requirements of the standard.
D7035Test Method for Determination of Metals and Met-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
alloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
AES)
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D7144Practice for Collection of Surface Dust by Micro-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
vacuum Sampling for Subsequent Metals Determination
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
D7202Test Method for Determination of Beryllium in the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
WorkplacebyExtractionandOpticalFluorescenceDetec-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
tion
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D7296Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Using Dry Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent De-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
termination of Beryllium and Compounds
D7439Test Method for Determination of Elements in Air-
2. Referenced Documents
borne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
–Mass Spectrometry
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
D7659Guide for Strategies for Surface Sampling of Metals
D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
and Metalloids for Worker Protection
Atmospheres
D7707SpecificationforWipeSamplingMaterialsforBeryl-
D4185Test Method for Measurement of Metals in Work-
lium in Surface Dust
placeAtmospheres by FlameAtomicAbsorption Spectro-
D7822Practice for Dermal Wipe Sampling for the Subse-
photometry
quent Determination of Metals and Metalloids
E882Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the
Chemical Analysis Laboratory
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD22onAirQuality
E1370Guide for Air Sampling Strategies for Worker and
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on WorkplaceAir Quality.
Workplace Protection
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. DOI:
10.1520/D8344-20.
E1605Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
E1613Test Method for Determination of Lead by Induc-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
tively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. (ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8344−20
(FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spec- 3.2.5 spiked sample and spiked duplicate sample, n—a
trometry (GFAAS) Techniques blankwipethatisspikedwithaknownamountofanalyte(that
E1644Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust Wipe is, lead) before hot plate digestion and subsequent lead
Samples for the Determination of Lead an
...

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5.1 Exposure to beryllium can cause a potentially fatal disease, and occupational exposure limits for beryllium in air and on surfaces have been established to reduce exposure risks to potentially affected workers (4-7). Sampling and analytical methods for beryllium are needed in order to meet the challenges relating to exposure assessment and risk reduction. Sampling and analysis methods, such as the procedure described in this test method, are desired in order to facilitate on-site and fixed-site laboratory measurement of trace beryllium. Beryllium analysis results can then be used as a basis for exposure assessment and protection of human health.
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5.1 Standards for O3  in the atmosphere have been promulgated by government authorities to protect the health and welfare of the public (6) and also for the protection of industrial workers (7).  
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5.1 Asphalt is a material used in the construction of roads and as a roofing material and sealant.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of asphalt fume particulate matter (as benzene soluble fraction) and total particulate matter weight in workplace atmospheres using a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter methodology.  
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1.4 The sampling method develops a time-weighted average (TWA) sample and can be used to determine short-term exposure limit (STEL).  
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1.1 This guide describes criteria to be used in defining air sampling strategies for workplace health and safety monitoring or evaluation. Sampling criteria such as duration, frequency, number, location, method, equipment, and timing are all considered.  
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Standard Practice for Preparation of Soil Samples by Ammonium Bifluoride-Nitric Acid Digestion for Subsequent Analysis for Metals and Metalloids

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5.1 There is a need to monitor the content of metals and metalloids in order to determine the presence of potential hazards. Hence, effective and efficient methods are required for the preparation of soil samples for determination of metals and metalloids present therein.  
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5.3 This practice is intended to be used to prepare samples that have been collected for hazard assessment purposes but may be used for other applications such as, for example, monitoring the effectiveness of remediation activities.  
5.4 This practice may be capable of determining metals and metalloids bound within matrices, such as silica, that are not soluble in nitric acid alone.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers drying, homogenization, and ammonium bifluoride-nitric acid digestion of soil samples and associated quality control (QC) samples for the determination of metals and metalloids using laboratory atomic spectrometry analysis techniques such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). For ammonium bifluoride-nitric acid digestion of airborne dust and dust-wipe samples for the determination of metals and metalloids, see Practice D8344.  
1.2 This practice is based on U.S. EPA SW 846, Test Method 3050, Test Method D7202, and Practice D8344.  
1.3 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this standard.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D8405-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluating PM2.5 Sensors or Sensor Systems Used in Indoor Air Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Poor indoor air quality has been implicated in significant adverse acute and chronic impacts on occupant health and performance. The ability to assess the components contributing to poor indoor air quality is critical for determining best practices for improving indoor air quality.  
5.2 Measurement of pollutants in indoor environments using sensors and sensor systems provides information needed to improve indoor air quality through pollutant source control, ventilation, filtration or other treatments.  
5.3 This method uses a test characterization chamber system equipped with reference monitor(s) to evaluate the response of test sensors or test sensor systems to specific types of particles (for example, salt, polystyrene latex, or dust). To facilitate reproducible results, the test particles used within this method are standardized and have known properties. The user is cautioned that a single particle type is not representative of all particles found indoors. The relative response of test sensors or test sensor systems to a reference monitor can vary by a factor of two for different particle types (for example, primary or secondary, organic or inorganic, outdoor or indoor origin; see 6.11.3 for further discussion). Furthermore, the user is cautioned that the lower limit of particle size detection for optical test sensors and test sensor systems is generally 0.3 μm in diameter; particles below this size are generally undetected and may represent a significant health concern as well.
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ASTM D7659-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Strategies for Surface Sampling of Metals and Metalloids for Worker Protection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide describes approaches which can be used to determine surface sampling strategies before any actual surface sampling occurs. The strategy selection process needs to consider a number of factors, including, but not limited to, purpose for sampling, fitness of the sampling strategy for that purpose, data quality objectives and how the data will be used, ability to execute the selected strategy, and ability of the analytical laboratory (fixed-site or in-field) to analyze the samples once they are collected.  
4.2 For the purposes of sampling, and for the materials sampled, surface sampling strategies are matters of choice. Workplace sampling may be performed for single or multiple purposes. Conflicts may arise when a single sampling strategy is expected to satisfy multiple purposes.  
4.2.1 Limitations of cost, space, power requirements, equipment, personnel, and analytical methods need to be considered to arrive at an optimum strategy for each purpose.  
4.2.2 A strategy intended to satisfy multiple purposes will typically be a compromise among several alternatives, and will typically not be optimal for any one purpose.  
4.2.3 The purpose or purposes for sampling should be explicitly stated before a sampling strategy is selected. Good practice, regulatory and legal requirements, cost of the sampling program, and the usefulness of the results may be markedly different for different purposes of sampling.  
4.3 This guide is intended for those who are preparing to evaluate a workplace environment by collecting samples of metals or metalloids on surfaces, or who wish to obtain an understanding of what information can be obtained by such sampling.  
4.4 This guide cannot take the place of sound professional judgment in development and execution of any sampling strategy. In most instances, a strategy based on a standard practice or method will need to be adjusted due to conditions encountered in the field. Documentation of any professional judgments appl...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides criteria to be used in defining strategies for sampling for metals and metalloids on surfaces for workplace health and safety monitoring or evaluation.  
1.2 Guidance provided by this standard is intended for sampling of metals and metalloids on surfaces for subsequent analysis using methods such as atomic spectrometry, mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, or molecular fluorescence. Guidance for evaluation of data after sample analysis is included.  
1.3 Sampling for volatile organometallic species (for example, trimethyl tin) is not within the scope of this guide.  
1.4 Sampling to determine levels of metals or metalloids on the skin is not within the scope of this guide.  
1.5 Sampling for airborne particulate matter is not within the scope of this guide. Guide E1370 provides information on air sampling strategies.  
1.6 Where surface sampling is prescribed by law or regulation, this guide is not intended to take the place of any requirements that may be specified in such law or regulation.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4597-10(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Workplace Atmospheres to Collect Gases or Vapors with Solid Sorbent Diffusive Samplers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Regulations such as those promulgated by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration in Title 29CFR 1910.1000 designate that certain hazardous gases and vapors must not be present in the workplace air at concentrations above specific values.  
5.2 This practice, when used in conjunction with an analytical technique, such as that given for organic compounds in Test Method D3687, may provide a means for the determination of time-weighted airborne concentrations of many of the hazardous gases and vapors in applicable regulations (for example, Title 29CFR 1910.1000), as well as others.  
5.3 The manufacturer’s literature should be consulted for the appropriate list of chemicals which may be sampled by a particular device.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling of workplace atmospheres for the presence of certain gases or vapors by means of diffusion across a specified quiescent region and subsequent sorption on a solid sorbent (1).2  
1.2 A list of organic compounds which are applicable to solid sorbent sampling where the sorbent is contained in a bed through which air is passed is given in Annex A1 of Practice D3686. Diffusive samplers may be applicable to a similar range of compounds but this must be confirmed by reference to the individual sampler manufacturer’s literature.  
1.3 The valid use of diffusive samplers depends on the existence of actual laboratory or field validation, or both. Guidance on validation can be obtained from published protocols (2-6). This practice is not designed to cover the verification, validation, or specific test procedures used to assess the accuracy or precision of diffusive samplers.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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