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ASTM E3203-19

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Lead in Dried Paint, Soil, and Wipe Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Lead in Dried Paint, Soil, and Wipe Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use with other standards that address the collection and preparation of samples (dusts by wipe, dried paint chips, and soils) that are obtained during the assessment or mitigation of lead hazards from buildings and related structures.  
5.2 Laboratories analyzing samples obtained during the assessment or mitigation of lead hazards from buildings and related structures shall conform to Practice E1583, or shall be recognized for lead analysis as promulgated by authorities having jurisdiction, or both.
Note 1: In the United States of America, laboratories performing analysis of samples collected during lead-based paint activities are required to be accredited to ISO/IEC 17025 and to other requirements promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).  
5.3 This test method may also be used to analyze similar samples from other environments such as toxic characteristic extracts of waste sampled using Guide E1908 as prepared for analysis using EPA SW-846 Test Method 1311.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for analysis of dried paint, soil, and dust wipe samples collected in and around buildings and related structures for lead content using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).  
1.2 This test method should be used by analysts experienced in the use of ICP-OES, the interpretation of spectral and matrix interferences, and procedures for their correction. For determination of lead (Pb) and other metals in air by ICP-OES, see Test Method D7035.  
1.3 This test method cites specific methods for preparing test solutions of dried paint, soil, and wipe samples for analysis.  
1.4 It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for sampling materials of untested matrices.  
1.5 No detailed operating instructions are provided because of differences among various makes and models of suitable ICP-OES instruments. Instead, the analyst shall follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the particular instrument. This test method does not address comparative accuracy of different devices or the precision between instruments of the same make and model.  
1.6 This test method contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this test method.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2019
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.12 - Sampling and Analysis of Lead for Exposure and Risk Assessment
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM D8344-20 - Standard Practice for Ammonium Bifluoride and Nitric Acid Digestion of Airborne Dust and Dust-Wipe Samples for the Determination of Metals and Metalloids
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM D7439-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Elements in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM E2115-22 - Standard Guide for Conducting Lead Hazard Assessments of Dwellings and of Other Child-Occupied Facilities
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM E1644-21 - Standard Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust Wipe Samples for the Determination of Lead
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM E2119-20 - Standard Practice for Quality Systems for Conducting In Situ Measurements of Lead Content in Paint or Other Coatings Using Field-Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Devices
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM E1583-21a - Standard Practice for Evaluating Laboratories Engaged in Determination of Lead in Paint, Dust, Airborne Particulates, and Soil Taken From and Around Buildings and Related Structures
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM E1792-20 - Standard Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead in Surface Dust
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM E1727-20 - Standard Practice for Field Collection of Soil Samples for Subsequent Lead Determination
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM E1729-20 - Standard Practice for Field Collection of Dried Paint Samples for Subsequent Lead Determination
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM D7035-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Metals and Metalloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM E1728/E1728M-20 - Standard Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Lead Determination
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM E1775-20 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Performance of On-Site Extraction and Field-Portable Electrochemical or Spectrophotometric Analysis for Lead
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM D7659-21 - Standard Guide for Strategies for Surface Sampling of Metals and Metalloids for Worker Protection
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019

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ASTM E3203-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Lead in Dried Paint, Soil, and Wipe Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)ASTM E3203-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Lead in Dried Paint, Soil, and Wipe Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)
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ASTM E3203-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Lead in Dried Paint, Soil, and Wipe Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E3203 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Lead in Dried Paint, Soil, and Wipe
Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission
1
Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3203; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for analysis of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
driedpaint,soil,anddustwipesamplescollectedinandaround
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
buildings and related structures for lead content using induc-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
OES).
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 Thistestmethodshouldbeusedbyanalystsexperienced
2
intheuseofICP-OES,theinterpretationofspectralandmatrix
2.1 ASTM Standards:
interferences, and procedures for their correction. For determi-
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
nation of lead (Pb) and other metals in air by ICP-OES, see
D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
Test Method D7035.
Atmospheres
D6785TestMethodforDeterminationofLeadinWorkplace
1.3 This test method cites specific methods for preparing
Air Using Flame or Graphite FurnaceAtomicAbsorption
test solutions of dried paint, soil, and wipe samples for
Spectrometry
analysis.
D6966Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples
1.4 Itistheuser’sresponsibilitytoensurethevalidityofthis
Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Determi-
test method for sampling materials of untested matrices.
nation of Metals
1.5 No detailed operating instructions are provided because
D7035Test Method for Determination of Metals and Met-
of differences among various makes and models of suitable
alloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively
ICP-OES instruments. Instead, the analyst shall follow the
Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-
instructions provided by the manufacturer of the particular
AES)
instrument. This test method does not address comparative
D7440Practice for Characterizing Uncertainty in Air Qual-
accuracy of different devices or the precision between instru-
ity Measurements
ments of the same make and model.
E631Terminology of Building Constructions
E882Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the
1.6 Thistestmethodcontainsnotesthatareexplanatoryand
Chemical Analysis Laboratory
are not part of the mandatory requirements of this test method.
E1583Practice for Evaluating Laboratories Engaged in De-
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
termination of Lead in Paint, Dust,Airborne Particulates,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
and Soil Taken From and Around Buildings and Related
standard.
Structures
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E1605Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E1613Test Method for Determination of Lead by Induc-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
(ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spec-
trometry (GFAAS) Techniques
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air
2
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.12 on Sampling and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Analysis, of Lead, for Exposure and Risk Assessment. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved April 1, 2019. Published June 2019. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
E3203–19 the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3203 − 19
E1644Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust Wipe 3. Terminology
Samples for the Determination of Lead
3.1 For definitions of pertinent terms not listed here, see
E1645Practice for Preparation of Dried Paint Samples by
Terminologies D1356, E631, and E1605.
Hotplate or Microwave Digestion for Subsequent Lead
3.2 Definitions:
Analysis
3.2.1 atomic emission,
...

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ASTM E1753-22(Practice)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This technique is applicable to dry paint films and varnishes in a variety of forms including the intact dry paint film surface, a notched or other angular cut surface that exposes a cross section of all paint layers, a paint chip, and ground paint film.  
5.2 The response of the spot test method varies depending on the extractability of lead from a coating matrix, which may differ depending on the test kit used, the coating type tested, and the type of lead pigment (3).  
5.3 In some situations, metals and other chemical species interfere with the spot tests causing false negative or false positive results (see Section 8).  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of commercial spot test kits based on either sulfide or rhodizonate for the qualitative determination of the presence of lead in dry paint films.  
1.2 This practice may also be used as a qualitative procedure for other dry coating films such as varnishes.  
1.3 This practice provides a list of the advantages and limitations of chemical spot test kits based on sulfide and rhodizonate to allow the user to choose the appropriate spot test for a given circumstance.  
1.4 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and not part of mandatory requirements.  
1.5 Methods described in this practice may not meet or be allowed by requirements or regulations established by local authorities having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to comply with all such requirements and regulations.  
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Standard Practice for Conducting Visual Assessments for Lead Hazards in Buildings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice supports lead poisoning prevention activities by providing standardized procedures for conducting visual assessments.  
4.2 This practice is intended to be used with other ASTM standards, as appropriate, for conducting lead-hazard assessments.  
4.3 This practice is intended for use by individuals trained to conduct visual assessments associated with lead-hazard activities and in reporting their results. This practice is also applicable for use by others interested in visual assessment of properties for lead hazards, such as building code officials, building operators, homeowners, and insurers.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for conducting visual assessments in buildings to visually identify the type and location of potential lead hazards. These potential hazards are associated with deteriorated leaded paint, lead in dust, or lead in soil.  
1.2 This practice addresses visual assessment procedures for lead-hazard activities such as: lead risk (hazard) assessment (Guide E2115), clearance examination (Practices E2271/E2271M and E3074/E3074M), assessment of paint condition, and re-evaluation inspection. It also can be applied to visual assessments following paint maintenance or renovation or repainting activities, or combinations thereof.  
1.3 Because there is considerable overlap among the requirements for lead-hazard activities, this standard first describes a generic visual assessment procedure, and then defines a specific procedure for each assessment type in terms of additions to, or deletions from, the generic procedure.  
1.4 This practice does not address testing needed to confirm the presence of lead hazards.  
1.5 This practice contains notes, which are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this standard.  
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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ASTM E3203-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Lead in Dried Paint, Soil, and Wipe Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use with other standards that address the collection and preparation of samples (dusts by wipe, dried paint chips, and soils) that are obtained during the assessment or mitigation of lead hazards from buildings and related structures.  
5.2 Laboratories analyzing samples obtained during the assessment or mitigation of lead hazards from buildings and related structures shall conform to Practice E1583, or shall be recognized for lead analysis as promulgated by authorities having jurisdiction, or both.
Note 1: In the United States of America, laboratories performing analysis of samples collected during lead-based paint activities are required to be accredited to ISO/IEC 17025 and to other requirements promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for analysis of dried paint, soil, and dust wipe samples collected in and around buildings and related structures for lead content using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).  
1.2 This test method should be used by analysts experienced in the use of ICP-OES, the interpretation of spectral and matrix interferences, and procedures for their correction. For determination of lead (Pb) and other metals in air by ICP-OES, see Test Method D7035.  
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1.6 This test method contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this test method.  
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Standard Practice for Preparation of Dried Paint Samples by Hotplate or Microwave Digestion for Subsequent Lead Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Paint in buildings and related structures needs to be monitored for lead content in order to determine the potential lead hazard. Hence, effective and efficient methods are required for the preparation of paint samples that may contain lead.  
5.2 This practice may be used for the digestion of paint samples that are collected during various lead-hazard control and risk assessment activities associated with lead abatement in and around buildings and related structures. This practice is also suitable for the digestion of paint samples collected from locations such as commercial buildings.  
5.3 This practice may be used to prepare samples that have been obtained in order to ensure compliance with laws that govern lead content in paints.  
5.4 This practice may be used to prepare samples that have been collected for risk assessment purposes.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers minimum material performance requirements and laboratory test procedures for nonreinforced liquid coating encapsulation products (single or multiple-coat systems) for leaded paint in buildings. Three types of nonreinforced liquid coating encapsulation products are presented: type I - encapsulation products intended for interior use, type II - encapsulation products intended for exterior use, and type III - encapsulation products intended for either interior or exterior use. The impact resistance, adhesion, dry abrasion resistance, water vapour transmission, water and chemical resistance, surface burning characteristics, and volatile organic compound content shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Weathering, aging, scrub resistance, mildew resistance, paintability/repairability, flexibility, and tensile properties shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
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1.1.5 Water and chemical resistance,  
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1.1.8 Weathering,  
1.1.9 Aging,  
1.1.10 Scrub resistance,  
1.1.11 Mildew resistance,  
1.1.12 Paintability/repairability,  
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1.1.14 Tensile properties.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard primarily addresses encapsulant products for residential and child-care facilities. It may also be appropriate for some commercial buildings.  
4.2 Encapsulation provides a means of protecting occupants from exposure to lead in paint in buildings that are likely to remain standing for a long period of time. This nondestructive abatement strategy is useful in situations in which the primary structure needs to remain intact for either historical or economic reasons. Encapsulation offers an abatement strategy that may be more cost effective than abatement by removal of the paint.  
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1.1 This guide is intended to provide building users such as private building owners, contractors, architects, homeowners, and regulatory authorities with assistance in selecting an appropriate liquid coating encapsulation product for architectural residence and child-care facility use situations for abating leaded paint. This guide also provides information that can be used to assist in the following: (1) determining whether a painted surface is suitable for encapsulation, (2) applying a liquid coating encapsulation product, (3) evaluating installed liquid coating encapsulation products, and (4) maintaining the encapsulated surface.  
1.2 This guide applies to any liquid-applied product that relies primarily on adhesion for attachment to the surface and is designed to reduce human exposure to lead in paint.  
1.3 This guide is not intended for use as a training manual. The information contained herein is not all-inclusive and does not provide comprehensive instructions for the selection, application, or maintenance of specific liquid coating encapsulation products. This guide is intended to supplement information supplied by encapsulation product manufacturers and safety requirements established by law. The user of this guide shall refer to the encapsulation product manufacturer’s instructions for encapsulation product application and maintenance.  
1.4 This guide does not cover minimum material performance requirements for liquid coating encapsulation products. Performance specifications for non-reinforced liquid coating encapsulation products are provided in Specification E1795.  
1.5 Encapsulation products for use on industrial steel structures are not covered in this guide. Industrial steel structures include, but are not limited to, bridges, water towers, and tanks.  
1.6 Limited documentation is available on evaluating the field performance of liquid coating encapsulation products. A conservative approach to assessing the selection and use of liquid coating encapsulation products is thus adopted in this guide. As appropriate, the guidance provided within will be revised as additional knowledge regarding how these products perform over time is gained.  
1.7 The user of this guide should follow all regulations promulgated by authorities having jurisdiction regarding the use o...

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ASTM E1729-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Field Collection of Dried Paint Samples for Subsequent Lead Determination

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Although this practice is intended for the collection of dried paint samples in and around buildings for the subsequent determination of lead content, this practice may also be used to collect paint samples from other structures for lead analysis.3  
5.2 The variability associated with the sampling of dried paint is generally considered to be far higher than the variability associated with the analyses of the paint specimens. Therefore, it is essential that sample collection be properly controlled to produce representative and meaningful samples.  
5.3 These samples are collected in a manner that will permit subsequent digestion using sample preparation techniques such as Practices E1645 or E1979 and determination of lead using laboratory analysis techniques such as inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) (see Test Method E3203) or flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) (see Test Method E3193).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the collection of samples of dried paint and other coatings from buildings.  
1.2 This practice is used to collect samples for subsequent determination of lead on an area basis (milligrams of lead per area sampled) or concentration basis (milligrams of lead per gram of dried paint collected or mass percent of lead in the paint sample collected).  
1.3 This practice does not address the sampling design criteria (that is, sampling plan that includes the number and location of samples) that are used for risk assessment and other lead hazard activities. See Guide E2115 or Practices E2271/E2271M or E3074/E3074M.  
1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific warning statement is given in 7.4.1.1.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6803-19(Practice)
Standard Practice for Testing and Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds (Including Carbonyl Compounds) Emitted from Architectural Coatings Using Small-Scale Environmental Chambers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Latex paints, alkyd paints, and primers are used as coatings for walls, wooden trim, and furnishings in occupied buildings. Paint may be applied to large surface areas and may be applied repeatedly during the lifetime of a building. VOCs are emitted from paint after application to surfaces.  
5.2 Many other types of architectural coatings may be used in large quantities indoors in buildings. In particular, many different types of coatings are used for floors including wood floor stains and finishes and concrete sealers, hardeners, and stains. Two component finishes are often mixed on site and are applied to floors and other surfaces to create a finished surface.  
5.3 There is a need for standardized procedures for measuring the emissions of VOCs from paint and coating samples that can be reproduced by different laboratories and that can used for the assessment of the acceptability of VOC emissions from paints and coatings that are intended for use indoors in occupied spaces. This practice describes standardized procedures that can be incorporated into test methods used for the purpose of estimating the impacts of cured paints and coatings on indoor air quality. Different procedures are required for the estimation of VOC exposures to workers applying such products.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for testing the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), formaldehyde, and other carbonyl compounds, from alkyd paint, latex paint, primer, and other architectural coating samples using a small-scale environmental chamber test facility.  
1.2 This practice describes the requirements for the chamber test facility, the small-scale test chamber, the clean air supply system, the environmental controls, the environmental monitoring and data acquisition system, and the chamber air sampling system.  
1.3 This practice describes procedures for documenting the paint and coating samples and for the handling and storage of these samples including splitting of samples into smaller containers for storage and subsequent testing.  
1.4 This practice identifies appropriate substrates to be used for the preparation of test specimens of paints and coatings, as well as procedures for preparing substrates for use.  
1.5 This practice provides detailed procedures for preparing test specimens of paint and coating samples.  
1.6 This practice generally describes chamber test procedures and chamber air sampling procedures. The details of these procedures are dependent upon the objectives of the test.  
1.7 This practice does not recommend specific methods for sampling and analysis of VOCs, formaldehyde, and other carbonyl compounds. The appropriate methods are dependent upon the objectives of the test.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6669-19(Practice)
Standard Practice for Selecting and Constructing Exposure Scenarios for Assessment of Exposures to Alkyd and Latex Interior Paints

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Increasing attention is being paid to human exposure to airborne chemicals from products or materials used indoors, for two reasons:  
5.1.1 Individuals spend substantial fractions of their time indoors.  
5.1.2 Such exposures can occur repeatedly throughout one’s lifetime.  
5.2 The primary objectives of this practice are as follows:  
5.2.1 To list the elements that need to be considered in developing a scenario to describe how exposure occurs to chemicals emitted from alkyd or latex interior paints.  
5.2.2 To discuss procedures and alternatives for choosing and describing these elements.  
5.3 Elements of an exposure scenario, in turn, are used to inform a subsequent step of estimating exposures through monitoring studies or computer modeling exercises.  
5.4 Once exposures have been estimated, the results can be used to assess the potential impacts of a specific paint formulation on the health of exposed individuals, or to compare the relative impacts of alternative formulations.  
5.5 Estimation of exposures, or comparisons of estimated exposures across alternative paint formulations, can lead to development of environmentally preferable products by minimizing adverse health effects for exposed individuals.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides procedures for constructing scenarios for assessment of inhalation exposure to airborne emissions of chemicals released from alkyd or latex paints that are used indoors.  
1.2 The indoor environments covered in this practice, in terms of considerations for developing exposure scenarios, are residences and office buildings.  
1.3 Elements of the exposure scenarios include the product and chemical(s) to be assessed, the indoor environment where the product is applied, application of the product, chemical emissions during and after product application, and location/activity patterns of individuals who may be exposed to the airborne chemical emissions.  
1.4 Steps to be performed after developing exposure scenarios, such as monitoring, modeling and exposure/risk assessment, also are described.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1797-12(2017)e1(Specification)
Standard Specification for Reinforced Liquid Coating Encapsulation Products for Leaded Paint in Buildings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers minimum material performance requirements and laboratory test procedures for reinforced liquid coating encapsulation products (single- or multiple-coat systems) for leaded paint in buildings. It applies to any liquid-applied product incorporating reinforcement materials as part of the system. Reinforcement materials are continuous fabric or mesh and are applied in the field. These materials are typically applied between a base and top coat. These products are used to encapsulate a leaded paint surface with the intent of reducing human exposure to lead in paint. These are classified into three types which are Type I which are encapsulation products are intended for interior use, Type II which are encapsulation products intended for exterior use, and Type III which defines encapsulation products intended for either interior or exterior use. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following performance properties for reinforced liquid coating encapsulation products such as impact resistance, adhesion, dry abrasion resistance, water vapor transmission, water resistance, chemical resistance, surface burning characteristics, volatile organic compound content, weathering, aging, scrub resistance, mildew resistance, paint ability and repairability. Testing conducted shall be performed on the entire encapsulation product system, whether single or multiple coat, as applied in the field, except for scrub resistance, volatile organic compound (VOC) content, and permeability, which are performed on the top coat only.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum material performance requirements and laboratory test procedures for reinforced liquid coating encapsulation products (single- or multiple-coat systems) for leaded paint in buildings. Performance properties addressed in this specification are:  
1.1.1 Impact Resistance,  
1.1.2 Adhesion,  
1.1.3 Dry Abrasion Resistance,  
1.1.4 Water Vapor Transmission,  
1.1.5 Water and Chemical Resistance,  
1.1.6 Surface Burning Characteristics,  
1.1.7 Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content,  
1.1.8 Weathering,  
1.1.9 Aging,  
1.1.10 Scrub Resistance,  
1.1.11 Mildew Resistance,  
1.1.12 Paintability/Repairability,  
1.2 This specification does not address the selection of an encapsulation product for specific use conditions. Specific use conditions may require performance values other than those stated in this specification. See Guide E1796 for guidance.  
1.3 This specification complements Specification E1795 for non-reinforced liquid coating encapsulation products.  
1.4 This specification does not cover the use of encapsulation products on industrial steel structures nor residential exterior coated metal surfaces because no corrosion control requirements are included.  
1.5 This specification applies to any liquid-applied product incorporating reinforcement materials as part of the system. Reinforcement materials are continuous fabric or mesh and are applied in the field. These materials are typically applied between a base and top coat. These products are used to encapsulate a leaded paint surface with the intent of reducing human exposure to lead in paint.  
1.6 The results of the test methods included in this specification will not necessarily predict field performance.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Sta...

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