ASTM D501-03(2009)

Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Alkaline Detergents

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of inorganic alkaline detergents. These detergents include caustic soda, soda ash, modified soda (sequicarbonate type), sodium bicarbonate, sodium metasilicate, trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, borax, and sodium triphosphate. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following properties of the detergents: total alkalinity, matter insoluble in water content, apparent density, ignition loss, pH level, turbidity, temperature rise, and particle size. Chemical analysis of the samples shall be performed by using either reverse-flow ion-exchange chromatography or paper chromatography.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of inorganic alkaline detergents.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2009
• ICS: 71.100.40 - Surface active agents
• Technical Committee: D12 - Soaps and Other Detergents
• Drafting Committee: D12.12 - Analysis and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their Components

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D501-03 - Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Alkaline Detergents
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D928-03(2017) - Standard Specification for Sodium Bicarbonate
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D3585-08(2020) - Standard Specification for ASTM Reference Fluid for Coolant Tests
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D3598-89(2016) - Standard Test Method for Citrate in Synthetic Detergents
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D1172-15 - Standard Guide for pH of Aqueous Solutions of Soaps and Detergents
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D502-89(2023) - Standard Test Method for Particle Size of Soaps and Other Detergents
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D501 − 03(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Methods of
1
Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Alkaline Detergents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D501; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
Sections
Matter Insoluble in Water 72 and 73
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate:
and chemical analysis of inorganic alkaline detergents. Sampling 74
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
(Na P O ) 75–79
4 2 7
Matter Insoluble in Water 80 and 81
Sections
Loss on Ignition 82 and 83
Caustic Soda:
Borax:
Sampling 5
Sampling 84
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na O) 6–8
2
Total Borate and Excess Alkalinity or Acidity 85–87
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) 9–11
Matter Insoluble in Water 88 and 89
Carbonate as Sodium Carbonate (Na CO ) 12
2 3
Sodium Triphosphate:
Carbon Dioxide (CO ) by the Evolution Method 13–16
2
Sampling 90
Soda Ash:
Tritratable Na O 91–94
2
Sampling 17
Total P O :
2 5
Matter Volatile at 150 to 155°C 18 and 19
Preferred Method 95–97
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Carbonate (Na CO ) 20–22
2 3
Alternative Method 98 – 101
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO ) 23–25
3
pH Titration 102 – 107
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO ) by Potentiometric Titration 26–28
3
Quantitative Separation and Measurement of Various Phosphates:
Matter Insoluble in Water 29 and 30
Reverse-Flow Ion-Exchange Chromatography (Preferred
Apparent Density 31 and 32
Method) 108 – 119
Modified Soda (Sequicarbonate Type):
Paper Chromatographic Method 120 – 127
Sampling 33
pH of 1 percent Solution 128
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na O) 34–36
2
Turbidity 129
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO ) and Sodium Carbonate (Na CO ) 37–39
3 2 3
Temperature Rise 130 – 134
Matter Insoluble in Water 40
Sulfate 135 – 137
Sodium Bicarbonate:
Ignition Loss 140 and
Sampling 41
141
Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Carbonate, and Free Moisture 42–45
Matter Insoluble in Water 142 – 144
Matter Insoluble in Water 46
Particle Size 145
Sodium Metasilicate, Sodium Sesquisilicate and Sodium Orthosil-
Orthophosphate 146 – 151
icate:
Sampling 47
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na O) 48–50
2
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Total Silica as SiO 51–53
2
standard.
Sodium Metasilicate (Na SiO ·5H O) 54
2 3 2
Sodium Sesquisilicate (3Na O·2SiO ·11H O) 55
2 2 2
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Matter Insoluble in Water 56 and 57
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Loss on Ignition of Sodium Sesquisilicate (3Na O·2SiO ·11H O) 58 and 59
2 2 2
Sodium Orthosilicate (Na SiO ) 60
4 4 responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Trisodium Phosphate:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Sampling 61
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety
Trisodium Phosphate (Na PO ) Content and Phosphorus
3 4
Pentoxide (P O ) 62–64
2 5
Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review
Trisodium Phosphate Calculated as Na PO ·12H O, Na PO ·
3 4 2 3 4
them for hazards prior to usage.
H O, Na PO , and as P O 65–68
2 3 4 2 5
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na O) 69–71
2
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on
D459Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents
Soaps and Other Detergents and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D12.12 on Analysis and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their
2
Components. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
approved in 1938. Discontinued August 2001 and reinstated as D501–03. Last Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
previous edition approved in 2003 as D501–03. DOI: 10.1520/D0501-03R09. the ASTM website.
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D501 − 03 (2009)
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