ASTM D2983-09

Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lubricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Annex A4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.
This test method describes how to measure apparent viscosity directly without the errors associated with earlier techniques using extrapolation of experimental viscometric data obtained at higher temperatures.
Note 1—Low temperature viscosity values obtained by either interpolation or extrapolation of oils may be subject to errors caused by gelation and other forms of non-Newtonian response to spindle speed and torque. Only in the case of known Newtonian oils at the temperature desired is interpolation acceptable for the purpose of calibrating the spindle and glass cell (see Annex A1).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of Brookfield viscometers of appropriate torque for the determination of the low-shear-rate viscosity of lubricants. The test is applied over the viscosity range of 500 to 900 000 mPa·s within a low temperature range appropriate to the capacity of the viscometer head.  
1.2 The range of viscosity used to generate the precision data for this test method was from 1000 to 900 000 mPa·s. Appendix X4 lists another interlaboratory study that specifically targeted hydraulic fluid ranging from 500 to 1700 mPa·s.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 The test method uses the SI unit, milliPascal-second (mPa·s), as the unit of viscosity. (1 cP = 1 mPa·s).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2009
• ICS: 75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.07 - Flow Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2983 −09
StandardTest Method for
Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lubricants Measured by
1,2
Brookfield Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2983; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D5133Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate,
Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils
1.1 This test method covers the use of Brookfield viscom-
Using a Temperature-Scanning Technique
eters of appropriate torque for the determination of the low-
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
shear-rate viscosity of lubricants. The test is applied over the
5
2.2 European Procedure:
viscosityrangeof500to900000mPa·swithinalowtempera-
3
CEC L18-A-80
ture range appropriate to the capacity of the viscometer head.
1.2 The range of viscosity used to generate the precision
3. Terminology
data for this test method was from 1000 to 900 000 mPa·s.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Appendix X4 lists another interlaboratory study that specifi-
3.1.1 apparent viscosity—dynamic viscosity determined by
cally targeted hydraulic fluid ranging from 500 to 1700mPa·s.
this test method.Apparent viscosity may vary with the spindle
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
speed (shear rate) of the Brookfield viscometer if the lubricant
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
is non-Newtonian. See Appendix X1 for a brief explanation.
standard.
3.1.2 referenceviscosity—viscosityofaNewtonianstandard
1.3.1 The test method uses the SI unit, milliPascal-second
reference fluid specified at each of several user-specified
(mPa·s), as the unit of viscosity. (1 cP = 1 mPa·s).
temperatures. Reference viscosities of typical standard refer-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ence fluids are listed in Appendix X2.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 An oleaginous fluid sample is preheated, allowed to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
stabilize at room temperature, and then poured to a predeter-
mined depth into a glass cell and an insulated or uninsulated
2. Referenced Documents
spindle inserted through a special stopper and suspended by a
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
clip. The contained sample is cooled to a predetermined
D341Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid
temperature for 16 h and analyzed by a Brookfield viscometer
Petroleum Products
and, depending on the viscometer model used, the viscosity of
the test fluid is read directly from the viscometer or the
resultanttorquereadingisusedtocalculatetheviscosityofthe
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
oil at the temperature chosen.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
5. Significance and Use
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originally
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2983–04a. DOI:
5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of auto-
10.1520/D2983-09.
matic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids,
2
Brookfield viscometer and accessories are a trademark of Brookfield Engineer-
and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Annex A4)
ing Laboratories, Inc., 11 Commerce Blvd., Middleboro, MA 02346,
www.brookfieldengineering.com.
areofconsiderableimportancetotheproperoperationofmany
3
Selby, T. W., “Automatic Transmission Fluid Viscosity at Low-Temperatures
and Its Effect on Transmission Performance,” Transactions, Society ofAutomotive
Engineers, Vol. 68, 1960, pp. 457-465.
4 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from The Coordinating European Council for the Development of
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM PerformanceTests for Fuels, Lubricants and Other Fluids, Madou Plaza, 25th floor,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Place Madou 1, B – 1210, Brussels, Belgium,
the ASTM website. www.cectests.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2983−09
FIG. 1Diagram of Four Forms of Spindles Used in this Test
NOTE1—SimAirisatrademarkof
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard Designation: D2983 – 09
Designation:D 2983–04a
Standard Test Method for
Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lubricants Measured by
,
1 2
Brookfield Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2983; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope *
1.1This test method covers the use of the Brookfield viscometer and a low-temperature bath for the determination of the
low-shear-rate viscosity of lubricants. The test may operate in the viscosity range of 500 to 1000000 mPa·s (cP). The
bath-controlled temperature is selected within the range of +5° to –40°C.
1.2The test method uses the SI unit, milliPascal-second (mPa·s), as the unit of viscosity. (1 cP = 1 mPa·s).
1.3
1.1 This test method covers the use of Brookfield viscometers of appropriate torque for the determination of the low-shear-rate
viscosity of lubricants. The test is applied over the viscosity range of 500 to 900000 mPa·s within a low temperature range
3
appropriate to the capacity of the viscometer head.
1.2 The range of viscosity used to generate the precision data for this test method was from 1000 to 900 000 mPa·s.Appendix
X4 lists another interlaboratory study that specifically targeted hydraulic fluid ranging from 500 to 1700mPa·s.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 The test method uses the SI unit, milliPascal-second (mPa·s), as the unit of viscosity. (1 cP = 1 mPa·s).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D341 Standard Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum Products Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for
Liquid Petroleum Products
D5133 Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using a
Temperature-Scanning Technique
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
2.2 European Procedure:CEC L18-A-80
2.3ASTM Adjuncts:
5
ADJD6300D2PP, Version 4.43, Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products
CEC L18-A-80
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 on
Flow Properties.
Current edition approved MayAug. 1, 2004.2009. Published May 2004.November 2009. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as
D2983–04a. DOI: 10.1520/D2983-09.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
2
Brookfield viscometer and accessories are a trademark of Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc., 11 Commerce Blvd., Middleboro, MA 02346,
www.brookfieldengineering.com.
3
Available from CEC, Mandou Plaza-25th Floor, B-1210 Brussells, Belgium.
3
Selby, T. W., “Automatic Transmission Fluid Viscosity at Low-Temperatures and Its Effect on Transmission Performance,” Transactions, Society of Automotive
Engineers, Vol. 68, 1960, pp. 457-465.
4
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD6300.
4
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
5
The sole source of supply of the Standard Newtonian Brookfield viscosity reference fluids known to the committee at this time is Cannon Instrument Co., Post Office
Box 16, State College, PA 16801.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D2983 – 09
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3
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