ASTM D937-97(2002)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Cone Penetration of Petrolatum
Standard Test Method for Cone Penetration of Petrolatum
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measuring with a penetrometer the penetration of petrolatum as an empirical measure of consistency.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D937–97 (Reapproved 2002) British Standard 4698
Designation: 179/79(95)
Standard Test Method for
Cone Penetration of Petrolatum
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 937; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP Standard in 1965.
This test method has been adopted for use by government agencies to replace Method 312 of Federal Test Method Standard No. 791b,
and Method 4273 of Federal Test Method Standard No. 141A.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers measuring with a penetrometer 4.1 The sample is melted, heated to 82°C (180°F), and then
the penetration of petrolatum as an empirical measure of cooled under controlled conditions to 25°C (77°F). The pen-
consistency. etration is measured with the cone and the sample at this
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the temperature using a penetrometer by means of which a
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. standard cone is applied to the sample for 5 s under a load of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 150 g.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 5.1 Petrolatum is a purified mixture of semi-solid hydrocar-
bons obtained from petroleum and is often described as an
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
unctuous mass. Cone penetration is a means of measuring the
2. Referenced Documents
firmness or consistency of petrolatum. Such measurements are
2.1 ASTM Standards: useful for selecting or specifying, or both, a petrolatum of a
D 217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating particular consistency or firmness. Cone penetration values
Grease may or may not correlate with end-use functional properties.
3. Terminology 6. Apparatus
3.1 Definitions: 6.1 Penetrometer and Cone, as specified in Test Methods
3.2 penetration of petrolatum—the depth, in tenths of a D 217.
millimetre,thatastandardconewillpenetratethesampleunder 6.2 Oven,capableofmaintainingatemperatureof82 62°C
fixed conditions of mass, time, and temperature. (180 6 5°F) for melting the petrolatum samples.
3.3 penetrometer, n—an instrument that measures the con- 6.3 Water Bath, constant-temperature, regulated to 25 6
sistency or hardness of semiliquid to semisolid materials by 0.5°C (77 6 1°F).
measuring the depth to which a specified cone or needle under 6.4 Sample Containers,cylindrical,havingaflatbottom100
1 1
a given force falls into the material. 66mm(4 6 ⁄4 in.) in diameter and 65 mm (2 ⁄2 in.) or more
3.3.1 Discussion—In this test method, a standard penetrom- in depth, constructed of at least 1.6-mm (16-gage) metal and
eter cone (see Test Methods D 217) is used to determine the provided with a well fitting water-tight cover.
consistency of petrolatum. The penetration force is determined
NOTE 1—Containers of the “ointment box” type having somewhat
by the total mass of the cone and shaft.
flexible sides should not be used, for these permit slight working of the
petrolatum, due to flexing of the sides in handling.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
7. Preparation of Sample
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
7.1 Test all samples of petrolatum for original consistency
D 02.10 on Properties of Petroleum Wax.
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization
after melting and cooling to the temperature of the test as
Committee.
described in 7.3.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1997. Published June 1998. Originally
7.2 If the penetration of the sample is over 200, three
published as D 937 – 47 T. Last previous edition D 937 – 92.
separate test samples are required.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
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D937–97 (2002)
7.3 Meltthesampleinanovenmaintainedat82 62°C(180 disturbed area of a previous test the tip of the cone must not be
6 5°F) (see Note 2). Place the required number of sample placed nearer the edge of a previous test than t
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