ASTM D217-21a
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
Standard Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These cone penetration tests not only evaluate the consistency of lubricating greases over the full range of NLGI numbers from 000 to 6, but also evaluate the consistency of stiff greases having penetration numbers less than 85. In contrast, Test Method D937 is aimed at petrolatums and Test Method D1403 uses less precise 1/4 and 1/2-scale equipment intended for use when the sample quantity is limited.
5.2 Cone penetration test results provide one measure of the consistency of a grease. Worked penetration results are required to determine to which NLGI consistency grade a grease belongs. Undisturbed penetration results provide a means of evaluating the effect of storage conditions on grease consistency.
5.3 Although no correlation has been developed between cone penetration results and field service, the cone penetrations obtained by the four procedures are widely used for specification purposes, such as in users' material specifications and suppliers' manufacturing specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover four procedures for measuring the consistency of lubricating greases by the penetration of a cone of specified dimensions, mass, and finish. The penetration is measured in tenths of a millimetre.
Note 1: The National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI)3 classified greases according to their consistency as measured by the worked penetration. The classification system is as follows:
NLGI
Consistency Number
Worked Penetration Range,
25 °C (77 °F)
000
445 to 475
00
400 to 430
0
355 to 385
1
310 to 340
2
265 to 295
3
220 to 250
4
175 to 205
5
130 to 160
6
85 to 115
1.1.1 The procedures for unworked, worked, and prolonged worked penetration are applicable to greases having penetrations between 85 and 475, that is, to greases with consistency numbers between NLGI 6 and NLGI 000. An undisturbed penetration test, described in Appendix X1, is similar to the unworked penetration test.
1.1.2 The block penetration procedure is applicable to greases that are sufficiently hard to hold their shape. Such greases usually have penetrations below eighty-five tenths of a millimetre.
1.1.3 Unworked penetrations do not generally represent the consistency of greases in use as effectively as do worked penetrations. The latter are usually preferred for inspecting lubricating greases.
1.2 None of the four procedures is considered suitable for the measurement of the consistency of petrolatums by penetration. Test Method D937 should be used for such products.
1.3 The dimensions of the equipment described in these test methods are given in SI units as the primary unit of measure with equivalent imperial units as accetpable alternatives where applicable. In cases where equivalent SI conversions are not known, notes are added for clarification. Temperatures and other dimensions are given in the preferred SI units; the values shown in parentheses are provided for information.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D217 − 21a
Designation: 50/17
Standard Test Methods for
1,2
Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D217; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.1.3 Unworked penetrations do not generally represent the
consistency of greases in use as effectively as do worked
1.1 Thesetestmethodscoverfourproceduresformeasuring
penetrations. The latter are usually preferred for inspecting
the consistency of lubricating greases by the penetration of a
lubricating greases.
coneofspecifieddimensions,mass,andfinish.Thepenetration
is measured in tenths of a millimetre. 1.2 None of the four procedures is considered suitable for
the measurement of the consistency of petrolatums by penetra-
3
NOTE 1—The National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) classified
tion. Test Method D937 should be used for such products.
greases according to their consistency as measured by the worked
penetration. The classification system is as follows:
1.3 Thedimensionsoftheequipmentdescribedinthesetest
NLGI Worked Penetration Range,
methods are given in SI units as the primary unit of measure
Consistency Number 25 °C (77 °F)
with equivalent imperial units as accetpable alternatives where
000 445 to 475
00 400 to 430 applicable. In cases where equivalent SI conversions are not
0 355 to 385
known, notes are added for clarification. Temperatures and
1 310 to 340
other dimensions are given in the preferred SI units; the values
2 265 to 295
3 220 to 250 shown in parentheses are provided for information.
4 175 to 205
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5 130 to 160
6 85to115
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.1.1 The procedures for unworked, worked, and prolonged
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
worked penetration are applicable to greases having penetra-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tions between 85 and 475, that is, to greases with consistency
numbers between NLGI 6 and NLGI 000. An undisturbed 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
penetration test, described in Appendix X1, is similar to the
unworked penetration test. ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1.2 The block penetration procedure is applicable to
greases that are sufficiently hard to hold their shape. Such mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
greases usually have penetrations below eighty-five tenths of a
millimetre.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
ThesetestmethodsarethejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD02onPetroleum
D937Test Method for Cone Penetration of Petrolatum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of ASTM
D1403Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
Subcommittee D02.G0.02 on Consistency and Related Rheological Tests. The
Grease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale Cone
technically equivalent standard as referenced is under the jurisdiction of the Energy
Institute Subcommittee SC-C-6. These test methods were adopted as a joint
Equipment
ASTM-IP standard in 1969.
D4175Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally
Fuels, and Lubricants
approved in 1925. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D217 – 21. DOI:
10.1520/D0217-21A.
2
This test method has been developed through the cooperative effort between
ASTMandtheEnergyInstitute,London.ASTMandIPstandardswereapprovedby
4
ASTMandEItechnicalcommitteesasbeingtechnicallyequivalentbutthatdoesnot For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
imply both standards are identical. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
National Lubricating Grease Institute, 4635 Wyandotte St., Kansas City, MO Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
64112-1596. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D217 − 21 D217 − 21a
Designation: 50/17
Standard Test Methods for
1,2
Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D217; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover four procedures for measuring the consistency of lubricating greases by the penetration of a cone
of specified dimensions, mass, and finish. The penetration is measured in tenths of a millimetre.
3
NOTE 1—The National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) classified greases according to their consistency as measured by the worked penetration. The
classification system is as follows:
NLGI Worked Penetration Range,
Consistency Number 25 °C (77 °F)
000 445 to 475
00 400 to 430
0 355 to 385
1 310 to 340
2 265 to 295
3 220 to 250
4 175 to 205
5 130 to 160
6 85 to 115
1.1.1 The procedures for unworked, worked, and prolonged worked penetration are applicable to greases having penetrations
between 85 and 475, that is, to greases with consistency numbers between NLGI 6 and NLGI 000. An undisturbed penetration test,
described in Appendix X1, is similar to the unworked penetration test.
1.1.2 The block penetration procedure is applicable to greases that are sufficiently hard to hold their shape. Such greases usually
have penetrations below eighty-five tenths of a millimetre.
1.1.3 Unworked penetrations do not generally represent the consistency of greases in use as effectively as do worked penetrations.
The latter are usually preferred for inspecting lubricating greases.
1
These test methods are the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of ASTM
Subcommittee D02.G0.02 on Consistency and Related Rheological Tests. In the IP, these test methods areThe technically equivalent standard as referenced is under the
jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. Energy Institute Subcommittee SC-C-6. These test methods were adopted as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1969.
Current edition approved July 1, 2021Dec. 1, 2021. Published July 2021December 2021. Originally approved in 1925. Last previous edition approved in 20192021 as D217
– 19b.21. DOI: 10.1520/D0217-21.10.1520/D0217-21A.
2
This test method has been developed through the cooperative effort between ASTM and the Energy Institute, London. ASTM and IP standards were approved by ASTM
and EI technical committees as being technically equivalent but that does not imply both standards are identical.
3
National Lubricating Grease Institute, 4635 Wyandotte St., Kansas City, MO 64112-1596.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D217 − 21a
1.2 None of the four procedures is considered suitable for the measurement of the consistency of petrolatums by penetration. Test
Method D937 should be used for such products.
1.3 The dimensions of the equipment described in these test methods are given in SI units as the primary unit of measure with
equivalent imperial units as accetpable alternatives where applicable. In cases where equivalent SI conversions are not known,
notes are added for clarification. Temperatures and other dimensions are given in the preferred SI units; the values shown in
parentheses are provided for information.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D937 Test Method for Cone Penetration of Petrolatum
D1403 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubri
...
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