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ASTM C577-07(2014)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Permeability of Refractories

Standard Test Method for Permeability of Refractories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is used to measure the rate of flow of air or nitrogen through refractory brick and monoliths and to thus determine the permeability of tested products.  
3.2 This test method is useful in research and development for establishing the relative permeability of products within comparable classes. It may also be used to identify acceptable products for design purposes and to establish permeability criteria for specification acceptance.  
3.3 It must be recognized that permeability can vary in different directions and different parts of a refractory due to factors such as forming procedure, grain size and distribution, and heat treatment.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the permeability of refractory brick and monoliths, from which suitable specimens can be cut, at room temperature.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—The apparatus used in this standard is only available in SI units (Section 4). Also, some of the calculations must use SI units only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2014
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories
Drafting Committee
C08.03 - Physical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C577-07e2 - Standard Test Method for Permeability of Refractories
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Replaced By
ASTM C577-19 - Standard Test Method for Permeability of Refractories
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019
Referred By
ASTM C1793-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Referred By
ASTM C1783-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Referred By
ASTM C781-20 - Standard Practice for Testing Graphite Materials for Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor Components
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014

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ASTM C577-07(2014) - Standard Test Method for Permeability of Refractories
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C577 − 07 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Permeability of Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C577; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.3 It must be recognized that permeability can vary in
different directions and different parts of a refractory due to
1.1 This test method covers determination of the permeabil-
factors such as forming procedure, grain size and distribution,
ity of refractory brick and monoliths, from which suitable
and heat treatment.
specimens can be cut, at room temperature.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
4. Apparatus
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
4.1 The apparatus shall provide a leakproof system for
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
testing 2 in. (51 mm) cubes held in a pressurized rubber gasket,
information only and are not considered standard.
with means for controlling gas pressure and measuring gas
1.2.1 Exceptions—The apparatus used in this standard is
flow. Figs. 1-3 illustrate a suitable apparatus. The apparatus
only available in SI units (Section 4). Also, some of the
consists of the following components:
calculations must use SI units only.
4.1.1 Permeating Medium, air or nitrogen with regulator-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
controlled inlet pressure.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1.2 Drier Tubes, each filled with a desiccant and strainer;
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
used to remove any water or dirt from the gas before entering
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the flowmeters.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.3 Flowmeters—They will measure the flow of permeat-
ing media in the range from 0 to 9000 cm /min. The flowme-
2. Referenced Documents
ters may be calibrated to read the flow directly of either air or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
nitrogen. The range for each flowmeter is shown in Fig. 1.
C1095 Practice for Calculating Precision Data on Refracto-
4.1.4 Manometer—Amultiple scale digital manometer shall
ries (C08) From Interlaboratory Test Results (Withdrawn
be used to measure the differential pressure across the speci-
1998)
men.
4.1.5 RubberSpecimen-SealingGasket—Thegasket(Fig.2)
3. Significance and Use
is made to fit tightly arounda2by2by2in.(51by51by51
3.1 This test method is used to measure the rate of flow of
mm) test specimen.The two tapered metal-gasket holders (Fig.
air or nitrogen through refractory brick and monoliths and to
3) enclose the rubber gasket, and are compressed with a
thus determine the permeability of tested products.
hydraulic jack (Fig. 4) to seal the gasket tightly against the test
specimen.
3.2 This test method is useful in research and development
for establishing the relative permeability of products within
5. Specimen Preparation
comparable classes. It may also be used to identify acceptable
products for design purposes and to establish permeability
5.1 One 2 by 2 by 2 in. (51 by 51 by 51 mm) specimen shall
criteria for specification acceptance.
be cut from each of four pieces constituting the sample of
material to be tested. The specimen should be cut in such a
1 manner as to fit snugly into the gasket.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
5.2 The specimens shall be cut so that three original
Properties.
surfacesareretained.Incaseswhereitisdesirabletodetermine
Current edition approved March 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originally
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C577 – 07. DOI: the permeability of specimens that show directional differences
10.1520/C0577-07R14.
inpermeability,theoriginalsurfacesshallbeidentified,andthe
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. The apparatus is described in Eusner, G. R., and Shapland, J. T., “Permeability
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on of Blast-Furnace Refractories,” Journal Am. Ceramic Soc., Vol. 42, No. 10, 1959,
www.astm.org. pp. 459–464.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C577 − 07 (2014)
FIG. 1 Permeability Apparatus
C577 − 07 (2014)
FIG. 1 Permeability Apparatus (continued)
SI Equivalents
1 1
in. ⁄4 2 ⁄2 4
mm 6 64 102
FIG. 3 Tapered Stainless Steel Gasket Holder
SI Equivalents
in. 1 ⁄16 24
values determined separately for each direction of gas flow.
mm 49 51 102
5.3 The specimens shall be dried for 16 h at 220 to 230°F
FIG. 2 Rubber Specimen-Sealing Gasket
(105 to 110°C) and cooled to room temperature before testing.
C577 − 07 (2014)
SI Equivalents
in. mm in. mm
⁄2 13 8 203
1 25 16 406
5 127
FIG. 4 Hydraulic-Jack Assemblage
After drying, all specimen surfaces shall be blown free of dust 6.6 On specimens where directional permeability is to be
with clean dry air and tested within 4 h. determined, test the two remaining specimen orientations.
6. Procedure
7. Calculation
6.1 Check the system for leaks. This may be accomplished
7.1 When using air, calculate the permeability in centidar-
by taking readings with an impermeable material in the
cys (Note 1) at room temperature, using one of the formulas
specimen holder or by utilizing flowmeters in the line ahead of
below which depend on the type of manometer used. If
the test specimen.
nitrogen is used as the permeating medium, the permeability as
calculated by either of the formulas should be decreased by
6.2 Place the specimen in the ru
...

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