ASTM D5782-18
(Guide)Standard Guide for Use of Direct Air-Rotary Drilling for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices
Standard Guide for Use of Direct Air-Rotary Drilling for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The application of direct air-rotary drilling to geoenvironmental exploration may involve sampling, coring, in situ or pore-fluid testing, installation of casing for subsequent drilling activities in unconsolidated or consolidated materials, and for installation of subsurface water-quality monitoring devices in unconsolidated and consolidated materials. Several advantages of using the direct air-rotary drilling method over other methods may include the ability to drill rather rapidly through consolidated materials and, in many instances, not require the introduction of drilling fluids to the borehole. Air-rotary drilling techniques are usually employed to advance drill hole when water-sensitive materials (that is, friable sandstones or collapsible soils) may preclude use of water-based rotary-drilling methods. Some disadvantages to air-rotary drilling may include poor borehole integrity in unconsolidated materials without using casing, and the potential for volitization of contaminants and air-borne dust.
Note 3: Direct-air rotary drilling uses pressured air for circulation of drill cuttings. In some instances, water or foam additives, or both, may be injected into the air stream to improve cuttings-lifting capacity and cuttings return. The use of air under high pressures may cause fracturing of the formation materials or extreme erosion of the borehole if drilling pressures and techniques are not carefully maintained and monitored. If borehole damage becomes apparent, consideration to other drilling method(s) should be given.
Note 4: The user may install a monitoring device within the same borehole in which sampling, in situ or pore-fluid testing, or coring was performed.
4.2 The subsurface water-quality monitoring devices that are addressed in this guide consist generally of a screened or porous intake and riser pipe(s) that are usually installed with a filter pack to enhance the longevity of the intake unit, and with isolation seals and a low-permeabil...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers how direct (straight) air-rotary drilling procedures may be used for geoenvironmental exploration and installation of subsurface water-quality monitoring devices.
Note 1: The term direct with respect to the air-rotary drilling method of this guide indicates that compressed air is injected through a drill-rod column to a rotating bit. The air cools the bit and transports cuttings to the surface in the annulus between the drill-rod column and the borehole wall.
Note 2: This guide does not include considerations for geotechnical site characterizations that are addressed in a separate guide.
1.2 Direct air-rotary drilling for geoenvironmental exploration will often involve safety planning, administration, and documentation. This guide does not purport to specifically address exploration and site safety.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 All observed and calculated values are to conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objective; and it is common practice to increase or reduce the significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond t...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5782 − 18
Standard Guide for
Use of Direct Air-Rotary Drilling for Geoenvironmental
Exploration and the Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality
1
Monitoring Devices
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5782; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
method or engineering design.
1.1 This guide covers how direct (straight) air-rotary drill-
ing procedures may be used for geoenvironmental exploration 1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information
and installation of subsurface water-quality monitoring de- or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
vices. course of action. This document cannot replace education or
experienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithprofessional
NOTE 1—The term direct with respect to the air-rotary drilling method
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
of this guide indicates that compressed air is injected through a drill-rod
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
column to a rotating bit.The air cools the bit and transports cuttings to the
surfaceintheannulusbetweenthedrill-rodcolumnandtheboreholewall.
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
NOTE 2—This guide does not include considerations for geotechnical
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
site characterizations that are addressed in a separate guide.
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
1.2 Direct air-rotary drilling for geoenvironmental explora-
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
tion will often involve safety planning, administration, and
document means only that the document has been approved
documentation. This guide does not purport to specifically
through the ASTM consensus process.
address exploration and site safety.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
only.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2. Referenced Documents
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
2
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.5 All observed and calculated values are to conform to the
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
Fluids
Practice D6026. The procedures used to specify how data are
D1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling byAuger
collected/recordedorcalculatedinthisstandardareregardedas
Borings
theindustrystandard.Inaddition,theyarerepresentativeofthe
D1586 Test Method for Standard PenetrationTest (SPT) and
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
ations for the user’s objective; and it is common practice to
D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
increase or reduce the significant digits of reported data to be
Rock for Site Exploration
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
D3550 Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel,
Drive Sampling of Soils
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoilandRock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5782 – 95 (2012). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D5782-18. the ASTM
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5782 − 95 (Reapproved 2012) D5782 − 18
Standard Guide for
Use of Direct Air-Rotary Drilling for Geoenvironmental
Exploration and the Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality
1
Monitoring Devices
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5782; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide covers how direct (straight) air-rotary drilling procedures may be used for geoenvironmental exploration and
installation of subsurface water-quality monitoring devices.
NOTE 1—The term direct with respect to the air-rotary drilling method of this guide indicates that compressed air is injected through a drill-rod column
to a rotating bit. The air cools the bit and transports cuttings to the surface in the annulus between the drill-rod column and the borehole wall.
NOTE 2—This guide does not include considerations for geotechnical site characterizations that are addressed in a separate guide.
NOTE 1—The term direct with respect to the air-rotary drilling method of this guide indicates that compressed air is injected through a drill-rod column
to a rotating bit. The air cools the bit and transports cuttings to the surface in the annulus between the drill-rod column and the borehole wall.
NOTE 2—This guide does not include considerations for geotechnical site characterizations that are addressed in a separate guide.
1.2 Direct air-rotary drilling for geoenvironmental exploration will often involve safety planning, administration, and
documentation. This guide does not purport to specifically address exploration and site safety.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 All observed and calculated values are to conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026. The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objective;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce the significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis method or engineering design.
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Design and Construction Purposes (Withdrawn 2011)
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2012Jan. 1, 2018. Published December 2012February 2018. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition a
...
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