ASTM D2261-13(2017)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and the test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of fabric of the type in question. Test specimens then should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate statistical analysis and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
5.2 The force registered in a tear test is irregular, and as a consequence, empirical methods have had to be developed to obtain usable values related to tear strength. In spite of the empirical nature of the reported values, the values are considered to reflect comparative performance of similar fabrics tested and measured in the same way. No known procedure is available that can be used with all fabrics to determine the minimum tearing strength.
5.3 Depending on the nature of the specimen, the data recording devices will show the tearing force in the form of a peak or peaks. The highest peaks appear to reflect the strength of the yarn components, fiber bonds, or fiber interlocks, individually or in combination, needed to stop a te...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of textile fabrics by the tongue (single rip) procedure using a recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) tensile testing machine.
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining tongue tearing strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. As a consequence, these test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included in Appendix X1.
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knit fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics and non-wovens. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or without wetting.
1.3 Tear strength, as measured in this test method, requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear.
1.4 Two calculations for tongue tearing strength are provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest peak forces.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units may be approximate.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Sta...
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Designation: D2261 − 13 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip)
Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing
Machine)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2261; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
strength of textile fabrics by the tongue (single rip) procedure
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
using a recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) ten-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
sile testing machine.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
preferred test apparatus for determining tongue tearing
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. As a
consequence, these test instruments may be used when agreed
2. Referenced Documents
upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included in Appendix
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
X1.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including
D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knit
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics and non-wovens. The
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated,
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-
or otherwise treated. Instructions are provided for testing
drawn 2008)
specimens with or without wetting.
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
1.3 Tear strength, as measured in this test method, requires
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate
Related Properties of Textiles
or start a tear.
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
Methods
1.4 Two calculations for tongue tearing strength are pro-
vided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest
3. Terminology
peak forces.
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.60, Fabric Test
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Methods, Specific, refer to Terminology D4850.
are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units may
3.2 For all terminology related to Force, Deformation and
be approximate.
Related Properties of Textiles, refer to Terminology D4848.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
cross-machine direction, CD, fabric, machine direction, MD,
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Specific. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 15, 2017. Published August 2017. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D2261–13. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D2261-13R17. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2261 − 13 (2017)
peak force, in tear testing of fabrics, tearing force, in fabric, made from glass fibers usually require special adaptation to
tearing strength, in fabric. prevent them from slipping in the clamps or being damaged as
a result of being gripped in the clamps.
3.3 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
Terminology D123. 5.5 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the
preferred test apparatus for determining tongue tearing
4. Summary of Test Method
strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-
type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used.
4.1 Arectangular specimen, cut in the center of a short edge
Consequently, these test instruments may be used when agreed
toformatwo-tongued(trousershaped)specimen,inwhichone
upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions
tongue of the specimen is gripped in the upper jaw and the
for use of the CRT-type tester are included in Appendix X1.
other tongue is gripped in the lower jaw of a tensile testing
machine. The separation of the jaws is continuously increased
6. Apparatus
to apply a force to propagate the tear. At the same time, the
force developed is recorded. The force to continue the tear is
6.1 Tensile Testing Machine , of the CRE-type conforming
calculated from autographic chart recorders or microprocessor
to the requirements of Specification D76 with autographic
data collection systems.
recorder, or automatic microprocessor data gathering system.
6.2 Clamps, having all gripping surfaces parallel, flat, and
5. Significance and Use
capable of preventing slipping of the specimen during a test,
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
andmeasuringatleast25by75mm(1by3in.)withthelonger
tance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates
dimension perpendicular to the direction of application of the
of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and the test
force.
method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
6.2.1 The use of hydraulic or pneumatic clamping systems
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
with a minimum of 25 by 75-mm (1 by 3-in.) rubber gripping
reportedtestresultswhenusingthistestmethodforacceptance
surfacesorserratedhavinganappropriateclampingforceatthe
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
grip faces depending on the type of fabric under test. The
plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is
pressure should be sufficient to prevent slippage of the speci-
a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statis-
men in the gripping surface during the test, while ensuring the
tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.
specimen is not damaged at the grip edge. Manual clamping is
As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
permitted providing no slippage of the specimen is observed.
specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are
6.2.2 For some materials, to prevent slippage when using
fromalotoffabricofthetypeinquestion.Testspecimensthen
jaw faces other than serrated, such as rubber-faced jaws, the
should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each
jaw faces may be covered with a No. 80 to 120 medium-grit
laboratory for testing. The average results from the two
emery cloth. Secure the emery cloth to the jaw faces with
laboratories should be compared using the appropriate statis-
pressure-sensitive tape.
tical analysis and an acceptable probability level chosen by the
6.3 Cutting Die or Template, having essentially the shape
two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its
and dimensions shown in Fig. 1.
cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the
supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consid-
7. Sampling and Test Specimens
eration to the known bias.
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
5.2 The force registered in a tear test is irregular, and as a
randomly select the number of rolls or pieces of fabric directed
consequence, empirical methods have had to be developed to
in an applicable material specification or other agreement
obtain usable values related to tear strength. In spite of the
between the purchaser and the supplier. Consider the rolls or
empirical nature of the reported values, the values are consid-
pieces of fabric to be the primary sampling units. In the
ered to reflect comparative performance of similar fabrics
absence of such an agreement, take the number of fabric rolls
tested and measured in the same way. No known procedure is
specified in Table 1.
available that can be used with all fabrics to determine the
minimum tearing strength. NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
5.3 Depending on the nature of the specimen, the data
between rolls or pieces of fabric and between specimens from a swatch
recording devices will show the tearing force in the form of a
fromarollorpieceoffabrictoprovideasamplingplanwithameaningful
peak or peaks. The highest peaks appear to reflect the strength producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting
quality level.
of the yarn components, fiber bonds, or fiber interlocks,
individually or in combination, needed to stop a tear in a fabric
7.2 Laboratory Sample—For acceptance testing, take a
of the same construction. The valleys recorded between the swatch extending the width of the fabric and approximately 1
peaks have no specific significance. The minimum tearing
m (1 yd) along the machine direction from each roll or piece in
force, however, is indicated to be above the lowest valleys. the lot sample. For rolls of fabric, take a sample that will
5.4 Most textile fabrics can be tested by this test method.
Some modification of clamping techniques may be necessary
for a given fabric due to its structure. Strong fabrics or fabrics Apparatus is commercially available.
D2261 − 13 (2017)
NOTE 1—All dimensions in mm.
FIG. 1 Template for Marking and Cutting Tongue Tear Specimens
TABLE 1 Number of Rolls or Pieces of Fabric in the Lot Sample
8. Preparation of Test Apparatus and Calibration
Number of Rolls or Pieces
Number of Rolls or Pieces in Lot Sample 8.1 Set the distance between the clamps at the start of the
in Lot, Inclusive
test at 75 6 1 mm (3.0 6 0.05 in.).
1to3 all
4to24 4
8.2 Select the full-scale force range of the testing machine
25 to 50 5
such that the maximum force occurs between 10 and 90 % of
over 50 10 % to a maximum of 10 rolls or pieces
full-scale force.
8.3 Set the testing speed to 50 6 2 mm/min (2 6 0.1
in./min). When agreed upon between the purchaser and the
exclude fabric from the outer wrap of the roll or the inner wrap
supplier, the testing speed may be set to 300 6 10 mm/min (12
around the core of the roll of fabric.
6 0.5 in./min).
7.3 Test Specimens—From each laboratory sampling unit,
8.4 Verify calibration of the tensile testing machine as
take five specimens from the machine direction and five
directed in the manufacturer’s instructions.
specimens from the cross-machine direction, for each test
8.5 When using microprocessor automatic data gathering
condition described in 9.1 and 9.2, as applicable to a material
specification or contract order. systems, set the appropriate parameters as specified in the
manufacturer’s instructions and Specification D76.
7.3.1 Direction of Test—Consider the short direction as the
direction of test.
7.3.2 Cutting Test Specimens—Cut rectangular specimens 9. Conditioning
75by200mm 61mm(3by8in. 60.05mm).Usethecutting
9.1 Condition 1, Standard Testing Conditioning:
die or template described in 6.3 and shown in Fig. 1. Take the
9.1.1 Precondition the specimens by bringing them to ap-
specimenstobeusedforthemeasurementofmachinedirection
proximate moisture equilibrium in the standard atmosphere for
with the longer dimension parallel to the cross-machine direc-
preconditioning textiles as specified in Practice D1776, unless
tion.Take the specimens to be used for the measurement of the
otherwisespecifiedinamaterialspecificationorcontractorder.
cross-machine direction with the longer dimension parallel to
9.1.2 After preconditioning, bring the test specimens to
the machine direction. Make a preliminary cut 75 mm 61mm
moisture equilibrium for testing in the standard atmosphere for
(3 in. 6 0.05 in.) long at the center of the 75-mm (3-in.) width
testing textiles as specified in Practice D1776 or, if applicable,
as shown in Fig. 1. When specimens are to be tested wet, take
in the specified atmosphere in which the testing is to be
the specimens from areas adjacent to the dry test specimens.
performed, unless otherwise specified in a material specifica-
Label to maintain specimen identity.
tionorcontractorder.Inadditiontoconditioningitisimportant
7.3.2.1 In cutting the specimens, take care to align the yarns
for fabrics with stretch characteristics to relax for a period of
running in the long direction parallel with the die such that
24 h prior to sample preparation.
whentheslitiscut,thesubsequenttearwilltakeplacebetween
9.2 Condition 2, Wet Specimen Testing Conditioning:
these yarns and not across them. This precaution is most
important when testing bowed fabrics. 9.2.1 When desizing treatments are specified prior to wet
testing, use desizing treatments that will not affect the normal
7.3.2.2 Take specimens representing a broad distribution
across the width and length, preferably along the diagonal of physical property of the fabric as specified in Test Method
D629.
thelaboratorysample,andnonearertheedgethanonetenthits
width. Ensure specimens are free of folds, creases, or wrinkles. 9.2.2 Submerge the specimens in a container of distilled or
Avoid getting oil, water, grease, and so forth, on the specimens deionized water at ambient temperature until thoroughly
when handling. soaked (see 9.2.2.1).
D2261 − 13 (2017)
9.2.2.1 The time of immersion must be sufficient to wet out Note 2). The tearing force may increase to a simple maximum
the specimens as indicated by no significant change in tearing value, or may show several maxima and minima, as shown in
force followed by long
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2261 − 13 D2261 − 13 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip)
Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing
Machine)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2261; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of textile fabrics by the tongue (single rip) procedure using
a recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) tensile testing machine.
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining tongue tearing strength. It
is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. As a consequence, these
test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for use of the CRT-type
tensile tester are included in Appendix X1.
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knit fabrics,
layered fabrics, pile fabrics and non-wovens. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise
treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or without wetting.
1.3 Tear strength, as measured in this test method, requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value obtained
is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear.
1.4 Two calculations for tongue tearing strength are provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest peak forces.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units may be
approximate.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (Withdrawn 2008)
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods, Specific.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013July 15, 2017. Published February 2013August 2017. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20112013 as
D2261–11.–13. DOI: 10.1520/D2261-13.10.1520/D2261-13R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2261 − 13 (2017)
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.60, Fabric Test Methods, Specific, refer to Terminology D4850.
3.2 For all terminology related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles, refer to Terminology D4848.
3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: cross-machine direction, CD, fabric, machine direction, MD, peak force,
in tear testing of fabrics, tearing force, in fabric, tearing strength, in fabric.
3.3 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A rectangular specimen, cut in the center of a short edge to form a two-tongued (trouser shaped) specimen, in which one
tongue of the specimen is gripped in the upper jaw and the other tongue is gripped in the lower jaw of a tensile testing machine.
The separation of the jaws is continuously increased to apply a force to propagate the tear. At the same time, the force developed
is recorded. The force to continue the tear is calculated from autographic chart recorders or microprocessor data collection systems.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of
between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and the test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of
commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias
between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two
parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of fabric of the type in
question. Test specimens then should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results
from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate statistical analysis and an acceptable probability level chosen
by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and
the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
5.2 The force registered in a tear test is irregular, and as a consequence, empirical methods have had to be developed to obtain
usable values related to tear strength. In spite of the empirical nature of the reported values, the values are considered to reflect
comparative performance of similar fabrics tested and measured in the same way. No known procedure is available that can be
used with all fabrics to determine the minimum tearing strength.
5.3 Depending on the nature of the specimen, the data recording devices will show the tearing force in the form of a peak or
peaks. The highest peaks appear to reflect the strength of the yarn components, fiber bonds, or fiber interlocks, individually or in
combination, needed to stop a tear in a fabric of the same construction. The valleys recorded between the peaks have no specific
significance. The minimum tearing force, however, is indicated to be above the lowest valleys.
5.4 Most textile fabrics can be tested by this test method. Some modification of clamping techniques may be necessary for a
given fabric due to its structure. Strong fabrics or fabrics made from glass fibers usually require special adaptation to prevent them
from slipping in the clamps or being damaged as a result of being gripped in the clamps.
5.5 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining tongue tearing strength. It
is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. Consequently, these test
instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for use of the CRT-type tester
are included in Appendix X1.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Tensile Testing Machine , of the CRE-type conforming to the requirements of Specification D76 with autographic recorder,
or automatic microprocessor data gathering system.
6.2 Clamps, having all gripping surfaces parallel, flat, and capable of preventing slipping of the specimen during a test, and
measuring at least 25 by 75 mm (1 by 3 in.) with the longer dimension perpendicular to the direction of application of the force.
6.2.1 The use of hydraulic or pneumatic clamping systems with a minimum of 25 by 75-mm (1 by 3-in.) rubber gripping
surfaces or serrated having an appropriate clamping force at the grip faces depending on the type of fabric under test. The pressure
should be sufficient to prevent slippage of the specimen in the gripping surface during the test, while ensuring the specimen is not
damaged at the grip edge. Manual clamping is permitted providing no slippage of the specimen is observed.
6.2.2 For some materials, to prevent slippage when using jaw faces other than serrated, such as rubber-faced jaws, the jaw faces
may be covered with a No. 80 to 120 medium-grit emery cloth. Secure the emery cloth to the jaw faces with pressure-sensitive
tape.
6.3 Cutting Die or Template, having essentially the shape and dimensions shown in Fig. 1.
Apparatus is commercially available.
D2261 − 13 (2017)
NOTE 1—All dimensions in mm.
FIG. 1 Template for Marking and Cutting Tongue Tear Specimens
7. Sampling and Test Specimens
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing, randomly select the number of rolls or pieces of fabric directed in an
applicable material specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. Consider the rolls or pieces of fabric
to be the primary sampling units. In the absence of such an agreement, take the number of fabric rolls specified in Table 1.
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability between rolls
or pieces of fabric and between specimens from a swatch from a roll or piece of fabric to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producer’s risk,
consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
7.2 Laboratory Sample—For acceptance testing, take a swatch extending the width of the fabric and approximately 1 m (1 yd)
along the machine direction from each roll or piece in the lot sample. For rolls of fabric, take a sample that will exclude fabric
from the outer wrap of the roll or the inner wrap around the core of the roll of fabric.
7.3 Test Specimens—From each laboratory sampling unit, take five specimens from the machine direction and five specimens
from the cross-machine direction, for each test condition described in 9.1 and 9.2, as applicable to a material specification or
contract order.
7.3.1 Direction of Test—Consider the short direction as the direction of test.
7.3.2 Cutting Test Specimens—Cut rectangular specimens 75 by 200 mm 6 1 mm (3 by 8 in. 6 0.05 mm). Use the cutting die
or template described in 6.3 and shown in Fig. 1. Take the specimens to be used for the measurement of machine direction with
the longer dimension parallel to the cross-machine direction. Take the specimens to be used for the measurement of the
cross-machine direction with the longer dimension parallel to the machine direction. Make a preliminary cut 75 mm 6 1 mm (3
in. 6 0.05 in.) long at the center of the 75-mm (3-in.) width as shown in Fig. 1. When specimens are to be tested wet, take the
specimens from areas adjacent to the dry test specimens. Label to maintain specimen identity.
7.3.2.1 In cutting the specimens, take care to align the yarns running in the long direction parallel with the die such that when
the slit is cut, the subsequent tear will take place between these yarns and not across them. This precaution is most important when
testing bowed fabrics.
7.3.2.2 Take specimens representing a broad distribution across the width and length, preferably along the diagonal of the
laboratory sample, and no nearer the edge than one tenth its width. Ensure specimens are free of folds, creases, or wrinkles. Avoid
getting oil, water, grease, and so forth, on the specimens when handling.
8. Preparation of Test Apparatus and Calibration
8.1 Set the distance between the clamps at the start of the test at 75 6 1 mm (3.0 6 0.05 in.).
8.2 Select the full-scale force range of the testing machine such that the maximum force occurs between 10 and 90 % of
full-scale force.
TABLE 1 Number of Rolls or Pieces of Fabric in the Lot Sample
Number of Rolls or Pieces
Number of Rolls or Pieces in Lot Sample
in Lot, Inclusive
1 to 3 all
4 to 24 4
25 to 50 5
over 50 10 % to a maximum of 10 rolls or pieces
D2261 − 13 (2017)
8.3 Set the testing speed to 50 6 2 mm/min (2 6 0.1 in./min). When agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier, the
testing speed may be set to 300 6 10 mm/min (12 6 0.5 in./min).
8.4 Verify calibration of the tensile testing machine as directed in the manufacturer’s instructions.
8.5 When using microprocessor automatic data gathering systems, set the appropriate parameters as specified in the
manufacturer’s instructions and Specification D76.
9. Conditioning
9.1 Condition 1, Standard Testing Conditioning:
9.1.1 Precondition the specimens by bringing them to approximate moisture equilibrium in the standard atmosphere for
preconditioning textiles as specified in Practice D1776, unless otherwise specified in a material specification or contract order.
9.1.2 After preconditioning, bring the test specimens to moisture equilibrium for testing in the standard atmosphere for testing
textiles as specified in Practice D1776 or, if applicable, in the specified atmosphere in which the testing is to be performed, unless
otherwise specified in a material specification or contract order. In addition to conditioning it is important for fabrics with stretch
characteristics to relax for a period of 24 h prior to sample preparation.
9.2 Condition 2, Wet Specimen Testing Conditioning:
9.2.1 When desizing treatments are specified prior to wet testing, use desizing treatments that will not affect the normal physical
property of the
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