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ASTM D4195-88(1998)e1

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis Application

Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis Application

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the analyses that should be performed on any given water sample if reverse osmosis application is being considered.  
1.2 This guide is applicable to waters including brackish waters and seawaters but is not necessarily applicable to waste waters.  
1.3 This is a guide only and should not be construed as a delineation of all ions known to exist in waters.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-1998
ICS
13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.08 - Membranes and Ion Exchange Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D4195-88(2003) - Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis Application
Effective Date
10-Jun-2003
Referred By
ASTM D3739-19 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998
Referred By
ASTM D7285-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Recordkeeping Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Systems
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998
Referred By
ASTM D4692-01(2017) - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of Sulfate Scaling Salts (CaSO<inf >4</inf>, SrSO<inf>4</inf>, and BaSO<inf>4</inf>) for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998
Referred By
ASTM D4582-23 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability Index for Reverse Osmosis
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998

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ASTM D4195-88(1998)e1 - Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis ApplicationASTM D4195-88(1998)e1 - Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis Application
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ASTM D4195-88(1998)e1 - Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis Application
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: D 4195 – 88 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Guide for
Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis Application
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4195; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Keywords were added editorially in December 1998.
1. Scope D 1889 Test Methods for Turbidity of Water
D 2579 Test Methods for Total and Organic Carbon in
1.1 This guide covers the analyses that should be performed
Water
on any given water sample if reverse osmosis application is
D 3352 Test Method for Strontium Ion in Brackish Water,
being considered.
Seawater, and Brines
1.2 This guide is applicable to waters including brackish
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Con-
waters and seawaters but is not necessarily applicable to waste
duits
waters.
D 3561 Test Method for Lithium, Potassium, and Sodium
1.3 This is a guide only and should not be construed as a
Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines by Atomic
delineation of all ions known to exist in waters.
Absorption Spectrophotometry
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 3867 Test Methods for Nitrite-Nitrate in Water
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D 4189 Test Method for Silt Density Index (SDI) of Water
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D 4194 Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Reverse Osmosis Devices
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D 4382 Test Method for Barium in Water, Atomic Absorp-
2. Referenced Documents tion Spectrophotometry, Graphite Furnace
2.2 American Public Health Association:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
D 511 Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium in Water
Wastewater, Sixteenth Edition, 1985, pp. 470–478, Part
D 512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water
427, Sulfite
D 513 Test Methods for Total and Dissolved Carbon Diox-
ide in Water
3. Terminology
D 515 Test Methods for Phosphorus in Water
3.1 Definitions:
D 516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to
D 857 Test Methods for Aluminum in Water
Terminology D 1129.
D 858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
D 859 Test Method for Silica in Water
3.2.1 For description of terms relating to reverse osmosis,
D 888 Test Methods for Dissolved Oxygen in Water
2 refer to Test Method D 4194.
D 1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
4. Summary of Guide
D 1179 Test Methods for Fluoride Ion in Water
2 4.1 This guide consists of analyzing water samples for ions,
D 1253 Test Methods for Residual Chlorine in Water
2 gases, suspended material, and organics, as well as measuring
D 1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
the pH and temperature of the water.
D 1428 Test Methods for Sodium and Potassium in Water
and Water-Formed Deposits by Flame Photometry
5. Significance and Use
(Method A)
5.1 The performance of reverse osmosis membranes is
D 1888 Test Methods for Particulate and Dissolved Matter
strongly influenced by the composition of the feed solution.
in Water
Overall salt rejection is dependent upon the ratio of monova-
lent to polyvalent ions as well as the sum total of ions present.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on Water, and
The permeate flow rate of reverse osmosis devices is also
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D 19.08 on Membranes and Ion
Exchange Materials.
Current edition approved March 25, 1988. Published June 1988. Originally
published D 4195 – 82. Last previous edition D 4195 – 87. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. American Public Health Associatin, 1015 Fifteenth St., N.W., Washington, DC
Discontinued—See 1989 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. 2000
...

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ASTM D3558-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Cobalt in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Most waters rarely contain more than trace concentrations of cobalt from natural sources. Although trace amounts of cobalt seem to be essential to the nutrition of some animals, large amounts have pronounced toxic effects on both plant and animal life.
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable cobalt in water and wastewater 2 by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Three test methods are included as follows:    
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10 μg/L to 1000 μg/L  
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1.2 Test Method A has been used successfully with reagent water, potable water, river water, and wastewater. Test Method B has been used successfully with reagent water, potable water, river water, sea water and brine. Test Method C was successfully evaluated in reagent water, artificial seawater, river water, tap water, and a synthetic brine. It is the analyst's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for other matrices.  
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Standard Test Methods for Selenium in Water

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4.1 In most natural waters selenium concentrations seldom exceed 10 μg/L. However, the runoff from certain types of seleniferous soils at various times of the year can produce concentrations as high as several hundred micrograms per litre. Additionally, industrial contamination can be a significant source of selenium in rivers and streams.  
4.2 High concentrations of selenium in drinking water have been suspected of being toxic to animal life. Selenium is a priority pollutant and all public water agencies are required to monitor its concentration.  
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7 – 16  
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5.1 This test method is useful for the determination of element concentrations in many natural waters. It has the capability for the simultaneous determination of up to 15 separate elements. High analysis sensitivity can be achieved for some elements, such as boron and vanadium.
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1.3 This test method is applicable to the 15 elements listed in Annex A1 (Table A1.1) and covers the ranges in Table 1.  
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