ASTM D2863-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides for the measuring of the minimum concentration of oxygen in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen that will just support flaming combustion of plastics. Correlation with burning characteristics under actual use conditions is not implied.
5.2 In this test method, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a procedure for measuring the minimum concentration of oxygen, expressed as percent volume, that will just support flaming combustion in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.
1.2 This test method provides three testing procedures. Procedure A involves top surface ignition, Procedure B involves propagating ignition, and Procedure C is a short procedure involving the comparison with a specified minimum value of the oxygen index.
1.3 Test specimens used for this test method are prepared into one of six types of specimens (see Table 1).
1.4 This test method provides for testing materials that are structurally self-supporting in the form of vertical bars or sheet up to 10.5-mm thick. Such materials are solid, laminated or cellular materials characterized by an apparent density greater than 15 kg/m3.
1.5 This test method also provides for testing flexible sheet or film materials, while supported vertically.
1.6 This test method is also suitable, in some cases, for cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 15 kg/m3.Note 1—Although this test method has been found applicable for testing some other materials, the precision of the test method has not been determined for these materials, or for specimen geometries and test conditions outside those recommended herein.
1.7 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statement are given in Section 10.
1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.Note 2—This test method and ISO 4589-2 are technically equivalent when using the gas measurement and control device described in 6.3.1, with direct oxygen concentration measurement.
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Designation: D2863 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support
1
Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2863; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a procedure
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
for measuring the minimum concentration of oxygen, ex-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
pressed as percent volume, that will just support flaming
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards
combustion in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.
statement are given in Section 10.
1.2 This test method provides three testing procedures.
1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
Procedure A involves top surface ignition, Procedure B in-
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
volves propagating ignition, and Procedure C is a short
conducting these tests.
procedureinvolvingthecomparisonwithaspecifiedminimum
NOTE 2—This test method and ISO 4589-2 are technically equivalent
value of the oxygen index.
when using the gas measurement and control device described in 6.3.1,
with direct oxygen concentration measurement.
1.3 Test specimens used for this test method are prepared
into one of six types of specimens (see Table 1).
2. Referenced Documents
1.4 This test method provides for testing materials that are 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
structurallyself-supportingintheformofverticalbarsorsheet
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
up to 10.5-mm thick. Such materials are solid, laminated or
D1071Test Methods for Volumetric Measurement of Gas-
cellular materials characterized by an apparent density greater
eous Fuel Samples
3
than 15 kg/m .
D1622Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular
1.5 This test method also provides for testing flexible sheet
Plastics
or film materials, while supported vertically.
D4802Specification for Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Acrylic
Plastic Sheet
1.6 This test method is also suitable, in some cases, for
E176Terminology of Fire Standards
cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 15
3
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
kg/m .
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
NOTE 1—Although this test method has been found applicable for
3
testingsomeothermaterials,theprecisionofthetestmethodhasnotbeen
2.2 ISO Standards:
determined for these materials, or for specimen geometries and test
ISO 4589-2Plastics—Determination of Flammability by
conditions outside those recommended herein.
Oxygen Index—Part 2, Ambient Temperatures
1.7 Thistestmethodmeasuresanddescribestheresponseof
ISO 7823-1Poly(Methylmethacrylate) Sheets—Types, Di-
materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
mensions and Characteristics—Part 1—Cast Sheets
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all
ISO 13943Fire Safety—Vocabulary
factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
3. Terminology
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 Definitions
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013. Published September 2013. Originally the ASTM website.
ε1 3
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2863-12 . DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/D2863-13. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2863 − 13
A
TABLE 1 Test Specimen Dimensions TABLE 2 Criteria for Oxygen Index Measurements
Alternative Criteria
Dimensions
Test
Period of
Specimen Material Form
Length, Wi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D2863 − 12 D2863 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support
1
Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2863; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected table reference in subsection 7.1.4 in December 2012.
1. Scope*
1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a procedure for measuring the minimum concentration of oxygen, expressed as
percent volume, that will just support flaming combustion in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.
1.2 This test method provides three testing procedures. Procedure A involves top surface ignition, Procedure B involves
propagating ignition, and Procedure C is a short procedure involving the comparison with a specified minimum value of the oxygen
index.
1.3 Test specimens used for this test method are prepared into one of six types of specimens (see Table 1).
1.4 This test method provides for testing materials that are structurally self-supporting in the form of vertical bars or sheet up
to 10.5-mm thick. Such materials are solid, laminated or cellular materials characterized by an apparent density greater than 15
3
kg/m .
1.5 This test method also provides for testing flexible sheet or film materials, while supported vertically.
3
1.6 This test method is also suitable, in some cases, for cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 15 kg/m .
NOTE 1—Although this test method has been found applicable for testing some other materials, the precision of the test method has not been determined
for these materials, or for specimen geometries and test conditions outside those recommended herein.
1.7 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statement are given in Section 10.
1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting
these tests.
NOTE 2—This test method and ISO 4589-2 are technically equivalent when using the gas measurement and control device described in 6.3.1, with direct
oxygen concentration measurement.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D1071 Test Methods for Volumetric Measurement of Gaseous Fuel Samples
D1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular Plastics
D4802 Specification for Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Acrylic Plastic Sheet
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties.
Current edition approved April 1, 2012Sept. 1, 2013. Published May 2012September 2013. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20102012 as
ε1
D2863 - 10.D2863 - 12 . DOI: 10.1520/D2863-12E01.10.1520/D2863-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2863 − 13
TABLE 1 Test Specimen Dimensions
Dimensions
Test
Specimen Material Form
Length, Width, Thickness,
A
Type
mm mm mm
I 80 to 150 10 ± 0.5 4 ± 0.25 for molding materials
II 80 to 150 10 ± 0.5 10 ±
...
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