ASTM G127-15(2023)
(Guide)Standard Guide for the Selection of Cleaning Agents for Oxygen-Enriched Systems
Standard Guide for the Selection of Cleaning Agents for Oxygen-Enriched Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide information that may be considered when selecting and qualifying a cleaning agent for oxygen-enriched systems.
3.2 Insufficient cleanliness can result in the ignition of contaminants or components by a variety of mechanisms. Therefore, an acceptable level of contamination for each condition of use in oxygen-enriched service should be defined. The acceptable level of contamination may depend on various factors, such as:
3.2.1 The nature and type of the contaminants,
3.2.2 The location and degree of contamination,
3.2.3 The type of substrate material,
3.2.4 The configuration and end use of the equipment or part to be cleaned, and
3.2.5 The operating parameters of the oxygen-enriched system (pressure, temperature, phase, concentration, fluid velocity, etc.).
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to establish a procedure to select cleaning agents, both solvents and water-based detergents, for oxygen-enriched systems. This includes laboratory-scale tests for cleaning effectiveness, materials compatibility, and oxygen compatibility.
1.2 The effectiveness of a particular cleaning agent depends upon the method by which it is used, the nature and type of the contaminants, and the characteristics of the article being cleaned, such as size, shape, and material. Final evaluation of the cleaning agent should include testing of actual products and production processes.
1.3 Different cleaning agents may be required for different cleaning activities, such as aqueous ultrasonic cleaning, spray cleaning, hand wiping, and flushing of oxygen lines in field applications.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: G127 − 15 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Guide for the
Selection of Cleaning Agents for Oxygen-Enriched Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G127; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1460 Test Method for Rubber Property—Change in
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to establish a procedure to
Length During Liquid Immersion
select cleaning agents, both solvents and water-based
D2512 Test Method for Compatibility of Materials with
detergents, for oxygen-enriched systems. This includes
Liquid Oxygen (Impact Sensitivity Threshold and Pass-
laboratory-scale tests for cleaning effectiveness, materials
Fail Techniques)
compatibility, and oxygen compatibility.
D2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen
1.2 The effectiveness of a particular cleaning agent depends
Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of
upon the method by which it is used, the nature and type of the
Plastics (Oxygen Index)
contaminants, and the characteristics of the article being
D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
cleaned, such as size, shape, and material. Final evaluation of
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision
the cleaning agent should include testing of actual products and
Method)
production processes.
F483 Practice for Total Immersion Corrosion Test for Air-
1.3 Different cleaning agents may be required for different
craft Maintenance Chemicals
cleaning activities, such as aqueous ultrasonic cleaning, spray
G5 Reference Test Method for Making Potentiodynamic
cleaning, hand wiping, and flushing of oxygen lines in field
Anodic Polarization Measurements
applications.
G31 Guide for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Metals
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
G59 Test Method for Conducting Potentiodynamic Polariza-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tion Resistance Measurements
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
G63 Guide for Evaluating Nonmetallic Materials for Oxy-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
gen Service
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
G72 Test Method for Autogenous Ignition Temperature of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Liquids and Solids in a High-Pressure Oxygen-Enriched
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- Environment
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical G74 Test Method for Ignition Sensitivity of Nonmetallic
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Materials and Components by Gaseous Fluid Impact
G86 Test Method for Determining Ignition Sensitivity of
2. Referenced Documents
Materials to Mechanical Impact in Ambient Liquid Oxy-
2.1 ASTM Standards: gen and Pressurized Liquid and Gaseous Oxygen Envi-
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
ronments
D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to
G93 Guide for Cleanliness Levels and Cleaning Methods for
Chemical Reagents
Materials and Equipment Used in Oxygen-Enriched En-
vironments
G94 Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G04 on Compatibility
G121 Practice for Preparation of Contaminated Test Cou-
and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres and is the direct
pons for the Evaluation of Cleaning Agents
responsibility of Subcommittee G04.02 on Recommended Practices.
Current edition approved March 1, 2023. Published March 2023. Originally
G122 Test Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness of
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as G127 – 15. DOI:
Cleaning Agents and Processes
10.1520/G0127-15R23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2.2 CGA Document:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
CGA Pamphlet G-4.1 Cleaning Equipment for Oxygen Ser-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. vice
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
G127 − 15 (2023)
2.3 Other ASTM Documents: in the system should be tested. The alloy and finish expected to
MNL36 Safe Use of Oxygen and Oxygen Systems: Hand- be used in the oxygen-enriched system that is most susceptible
book for Design, Operation, and Maintenance to corrosion within the metal family should be tested.
5.3 Nonmetallic Materials:
3. Significance and Use
5.3.1 Nonmetallic materials commonly used in oxygen-
3.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide information that
enriched systems are discussed in Guide G63 and Handbook
may be considered when selecting and qualifying a cleaning
MNL36.
agent for oxygen-enriched systems.
5.3.2 Materials compatibility tests should include those
nonmetallic materials used in the oxygen-enriched system that
3.2 Insufficient cleanliness can result in the ignition of
are expected to come in contact with the candidate cleaning
contaminants or components by a variety of mechanisms.
agent. As a minimum, materials representative of each family
Therefore, an acceptable level of contamination for each
of these nonmetals should be tested.
condition of use in oxygen-enriched service should be defined.
The acceptable level of contamination may depend on various
6. Cleaning Effectiveness Tests
factors, such as:
3.2.1 The nature and type of the contaminants,
6.1 Selection of Test Contaminants:
3.2.2 The location and degree of contamination,
6.1.1 Numerous contaminants encountered in oxygen-
3.2.3 The type of substrate material,
enriched systems that could result from manufacturing,
3.2.4 The configuration and end use of the equipment or part
assembly, fabrication, and construction processes are listed in
to be cleaned, and
Practice G93. Typical contaminant types include:
3.2.5 The operating parameters of the oxygen-enriched
6.1.1.1 Hydrocarbon oils and greases (mineral oil, hydraulic
system (pressure, temperature, phase, concentration, fluid
fluids, lubricants, water-displacing compounds),
velocity, etc.).
6.1.1.2 Fluorinated fluids and greases,
6.1.1.3 Inks,
4. Selection of Cleaning Agent
6.1.1.4 Machine cutting oils (hydrocarbon- or water-based),
4.1 Before a specific cleaning agent is selected for testing,
6.1.1.5 Carbon deposits,
the following attributes should be considered.
6.1.1.6 Silicone oils and greases,
4.1.1 Toxicity,
6.1.1.7 Phosphate esters (fire-resistant hydraulic fluids),
4.1.2 Carcinogenicity,
6.1.1.8 Waxes,
4.1.3 Stability and recyclability,
6.1.1.9 Dye penetrants,
4.1.4 Waste disposal,
6.1.1.10 Chlorotrifluoroethylene based oils and greases,
4.1.5 Environmental impacts and associated regulatory re-
6.1.1.11 Pariculate (sand, metal shavings, fibers, etc.), and
strictions (ozone depletion potential, global warming potential,
6.1.1.12 Tape residue.
volatile organic compound contribution to ground level ozone,
NOTE 1—Some contaminants are more difficult to remove after aging or
etc.),
exposure to heat. Selection of a cleaning agent should consider removal
4.1.6 Inertness (flammability and combustibility),
efficiency for both the type and condition of contaminants typically
4.1.7 Corrosivity and compatibility with metallic and non-
encountered at the facility.
metallic engineering materials,
6.1.2 Among typical contaminants, hydrocarbons are the
4.1.8 Availability and technical support from supplier,
prime candidates for the test protocol. When dealing with other
4.1.9 Cost effectiveness, and
contaminants, the user should attempt to classify the type of
4.1.10 Compliance with local, state and federal regulations.
contamination expected on the equipment to be cleaned.
4.2 It is desirable that the cleaning agent could be applied by
6.1.3 As a preliminary test, mineral oil or a mixture of
a variety of methods, such as wiping, immersion, spraying, etc.
common cutting oils may be used as a contaminant. It may be
Consequently, the cleaning agent manufacturer’s instructions
carried in a suitable volatile solvent as a means to introduce it
for applying the cleaner should be considered.
into a system. In addition, vacuum pump oil, or a compressor
oil are suggested as contaminants for the evaluation program.
5. Selection of Substrate Materials
In a more refined test at later stages, fluorinated oils/greases,
5.1 Substrate materials used for cleaning effectiveness and dye penetrants, or a mixture of as many contaminants as
necessary may be prepared in a suitable solvent. Eventually,
compatibility tests should be representative of those used in the
end application, including both the parts to be cleaned and the actual contaminants encountered on an engineering component
or system for oxygen-enriched service should be evaluated for
cleaning system itself.
removal efficiency.
5.2 Metallic Materials:
6.2 Test Methods:
5.2.1 Metallic materials commonly used in oxygen-enriched
systems are listed in Guide G94 and Handbook MNL36. 6.2.1 A suggested starting level of contamination is
5.2.2 Materials compatability tests should include those 1000 mg ⁄m . This is a hydrocarbon level that is consistent with
metals used in the oxygen-enriched system that are expected to contamination levels associated with final cleaning and it is
come in contact with the candidate cleaning agent. As a twice the acceptable level specified for oxygen service in CGA
minimum, alloys representative of each family of metals used pamphlet G-4.1. Heavily contaminated surfaces with levels in
G127 − 15 (2023)
excess of 1000 mg/m must be precleaned using more aggres- 7.3 Nonmetallic Materials:
sive cleaning agents with mechanical scrubbing (Practice 7.3.1 When exposed to the cleaning agent under actual use
G93). Precleaning is not a cleaning step with which this guide
conditions of temperature, time, concentration etc., some
is concerned. nonmetallics are susceptible to degradation and may experi-
6.2.2 Contaminants may be applied to the specimens by any
ence physical, mechanical, and chemical changes. Physical and
of the means specified in Practice G121. mechanical changes can be reversible or irreversible, while
chemical changes are generally irreversible. Depending on the
6.2.3 The cleaning effectiveness of a cleaning agent may be
evaluated using the test method outlined in Test Method G122. material-solvent pair, these changes can be characterized by
swelling, distortion, weight gain or loss, cracking, crazing,
6.2.4 A test basis should be established for each contami-
nated sample by using an acceptable solvent as a control blistering, embrittlement, decomposition temperature shift, or
leaching of additives and low-molecular-weight species (for
cleaning agent.
example, unreacted monomer, catalyst residues). To evaluate
the compatibility of cleaning agents with nonmetallic
7. Material Compatibility Tests
materials, refer to Test Methods D471, D543, and D1460.
7.1 If a cleaning agent’s ability to remove the selected
These test methods may not include a pass/fail criterion for
contamination is deemed promising, additional testing (see
each material property. Therefore, an engineering evaluation
8.2.2 and 8.3) should be performed to evaluate its compatibility
that considers whether any identified material property changes
with the oxygen-enriched systems.
are acceptable in the application should be performed. Some of
7.2 Metallic Materials:
these material property changes can influence the oxygen
7.2.1 Significant corrosion damage may occur during clean-
compatibility of the nonmetallic material. If the influence of a
ing operations. Corrosion rates may be affected by temperature,
material property change on oxygen compatibility is uncertain,
contaminants, degree of aeration, concentration and presence
the oxygen compatibility testing discussed in Guide G63
of residual stress (see Note 2). To avoid this, assessments
should be performed on the nonmetallic material (pre- and
should be made of the corrosion severity of cleaning environ-
post-exposure to the cleaning solution and process) to support
ments for the engineering materials of interest. Weight gain-
this evaluation.
loss measurements can be performed as per Practice F483 or
7.3.2 Weight loss, shrinkage, cracking, crazing, blistering,
G31. Where applicable, Test Method G5 can be applied (see
or embrittlement are evidence that the cleaning agent is
Note 3).
reacting with or leaching materials from the nonmetal and is
7.2.2 The electrochemical technique of potentiodynamic
therefore incompatible.
polarization resistance (Practice G59) can be used to determine
7.3.3 Swelling and weight gain may indicate that the non-
the corrosion rate of conductive cleaning agents on metal
metal is absorbing some of the cleaning agent during exposure.
substrates. The corrosion rate (in mils per year, mpy) should be
Some slight swelling and weight gain may be acceptable if the
determined using the solution parameters which would be used
cleaning agent does not adversely affect oxygen compatibility
in actual cleaning practices. The cleaning solution may be
or component function. The drying method and length of
tested: (1) as is; (2) aerated; or (3) de-aerated. It is
drying time used in the test should be representative of the
recommended, however, that the corrosion test be performed
expected user cleaning process.
under as-is conditions in order to simulate the actual cleaning
NOTE 4—Return to original dimensions after drying is indicative of a
process. The pH and conductivity of the cleaning agent should
totally reversible solvent absorption/desorption process with no effect on
be measured both before and after the corrosion test. If these
properties or oxygen compatibility.
values change, the test is considered invalid. A separate
Warning—Prolonged exposure to solvents can result in time-
experiment should be performed.
dependent absorption and desorption processes, and lead to
7.2.3 Corrosion rates of less than 32.5 μm per year (0.0025
erroneous conclusions based on weight and dimensions alone.
in. per year) are usually desirable. However, to avoid setting up
7.3.4 Cleaning agents that are effecti
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