ASTM D7138-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method to Determine Melting Temperature of Synthetic Fibers
Standard Test Method to Determine Melting Temperature of Synthetic Fibers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Either of these two test methods is used to determine the temperature at which a synthetic fiber specimen changes from a solid to a liquid-like state.
Synthetic fibers may be either amorphous or semi-crystalline thermoplastics or thermosets. Synthetic fibers may change from the solid to a liquid-like state on heating because of the glass transition of amorphous polymers, the melting of crystalline regions of semi-crystalline polymers, or at the onset of degradation. Thermoplastic fibers consist of crystalline and amorphous regions and may be manufactured with a range of molecular weights. The amorphous and crystalline fiber structure and variable molecular weight can lead to a melting temperature range instead of a discreet melting point (see Table X1.1).
This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments.
If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two or more laboratories, perform comparative testing to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Compare the test results from the laboratories involved using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
This test method is suitable for quality control testing of synthetic fibers and product comparisons of different fibers by manufacturers, retailers, and users.
If the test method is used to identify fiber material type, it is important to test a known reference material at the same laboratory with the same ...
SCOPE
1.1 Either of two test methods are used to determine the melting temperature of thermoplastic fibers, yarns, or threads.
1.2 Method 1 can be used to determine melting temperatures for blends of multiple fiber material types. Method 2 can only be used to determine the melting temperature of a single fiber material type.
1.2.1 Method 1, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), measures changes in heat capacity and will detect the glass transition, the crystalline melting and endothermic thermal degradation.
1.2.2 Method 2, a visual determination of melting, determines any change that visually appears as a transition from a solid to a liquid state.
1.2.3 Due to the differences in what each test method measures, the results from Method 1 and Method 2 cannot be compared.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or other units are to be regarded separately. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently without combining values.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D7138 − 08 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Test Method to
1
Determine Melting Temperature of Synthetic Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7138; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers,
Sliver, or Tow for Testing
1.1 Either of two test methods are used to determine the
melting temperature of thermoplastic fibers, yarns, or threads.
3. Terminology
1.2 Method 1 can be used to determine melting tempera-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tures for blends of multiple fiber material types. Method 2 can
3.1.1 melting temperature, n—the temperature or range of
only be used to determine the melting temperature of a single
temperatures at which a substance is observed to transition to
fiber material type.
a liquid-like state.
1.2.1 Method 1, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC),
measures changes in heat capacity and will detect the glass
3.1.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see
transition, the crystalline melting and endothermic thermal
Terminology D123.
degradation.
1.2.2 Method 2, a visual determination of melting, deter-
4. Summary of Test Method
mines any change that visually appears as a transition from a
4.1 Method 1:
solid to a liquid state.
4.1.1 A specimen of fiber and a reference sample are
1.2.3 Due to the differences in what each test method
positioned into the designated heating blocks of a Differential
measures, the results from Method 1 and Method 2 cannot be
Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) instrument.
compared.
4.1.2 Use the DSC data to determine the fiber specimen
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or other units are to
melting temperature.
beregardedseparately.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemarenot
4.2 Method 2:
exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used inde-
4.2.1 A specimen of fiber is positioned in a melting tem-
pendently without combining values.
perature device.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2.2 The temperature of the device is raised until the fiber
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specimen reaches its melting temperature as determined by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
visual observation.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Either of these two test methods is used to determine the
2. Referenced Documents
temperature at which a synthetic fiber specimen changes from
2
2.1 ASTM Standard:
a solid to a liquid-like state.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles 5.1.1 Synthetic fibers may be either amorphous or semi-
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
crystalline thermoplastics or thermosets. Synthetic fibers may
D2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles change from the solid to a liquid-like state on heating because
of the glass transition of amorphous polymers, the melting of
crystalline regions of semi-crystalline polymers, or at the onset
of degradation. Thermoplastic fibers consist of crystalline and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
amorphous regions and may be manufactured with a range of
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.51 on Conditioning and,
Chemical and Thermal Properties.
molecular weights. The amorphous and crystalline fiber struc-
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally
ture and variable molecular weight can lead to a melting
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7138 - 07. DOI:
temperaturerangeinsteadofadiscreetmeltingpoint(seeTable
10.1520/D7138-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or X1.1).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. tance testing of commercial shipments.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D7138 − 08
5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance be- cleaning using a Soxhlet extractor proceed to 7.2.1. If cleaning
tween reported test results for two or more laboratories, using a Soxhlet extractor is not required proceed to 7.3.
performcomparativetestingtodetermineifthereisastatistical 7.2.1 Place sample in a Soxhle
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D7138–07 Designation:D7138–08
Standard Test Method to
1
Determine Melting Temperature of Synthetic Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7138; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Either of two test methods are used to determine the melting temperature of thermoplastic fibers, yarns, or threads.
1.2Method 1 can be used to determine metling temperatures for blends of multiple fiber material types. Method 2 can only be
used to determine the melting temperature of a single fiber material type.
1.2 Method 1 can be used to determine melting temperatures for blends of multiple fiber material types. Method 2 can only be
used to determine the melting temperature of a single fiber material type.
1.2.1 Method1,DifferentialScanningCalorimetry(DSC),measureschangesinheatcapacityandwilldetecttheglasstransition,
the crystalline melting and endothermic thermal degradation.
1.2.2 Method 2, a visual determination of melting, determines any change that visually appears as a transition from a solid to
a liquid state.
1.2.3 Due to the differences in what each test method measures, the results from Method 1 and Method 2 cannot be compared.
1.3 ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorotherunitsaretoberegardedseparately.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemarenotexact
equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently without combining values.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standard:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 276 Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in Textiles
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D 2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
D 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
D 3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers, Sliver, or Tow for Testing
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 melting temperature, n—the temperature or range of temperatures at which a substance is observed to transition to a
liquid-like state.
3.1.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Terminology D 123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Method 1:
4.1.1 A specimen of fiber and a reference sample are positioned into the designated heating blocks of a Differential Scanning
Calorimetry (DSC) instrument.
4.1.2 Use the DSC data to determine the fiber specimen melting temperature.
4.2 Method 2:
4.2.1 A specimen of fiber is positioned in a melting temperature device.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.51 on Conditioning and, Chemical
and Thermal Properties.
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published July 2007.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 7138 - 07.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7138–08
4.2.2 The temperature of the device is raised until the fiber specimen reaches its melting temperature as determined by visual
observation.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Either of these two test methods is used to determine the temperature at which a synthetic fiber specimen changes from a
solid to a liquid-like state.
5.1.1 Synthetic fibers may be either amorphous or semi-crystalline thermoplastics or thermosets. Synthetic fibers may change
from the solid to a liquid-like state on heating because of the glass transition of amorphous polymers, the melting of crystalline
regions of semi-crystalline polymers, or at the onset of degradation. Thermoplastic fibers consist of crystalline and amorphous
regions and may be manufactured with a range of molecular w
...
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