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ASTM D8047-16

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oil Aeration Resistance in a Caterpillar C13 Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel Engine

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oil Aeration Resistance in a Caterpillar C13 Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Background—Prior to this test method, the ability of an engine lubricant to resist aeration was measured by the engine-oil aeration test (EOAT) described in Test Method D6894. The continued availability of engine parts coupled with field service aeration problems led to concerns about the relevance of this test method to newer oil and engine technologies. These concerns prompted the development of this new engine-oil aeration test method, based on the Caterpillar C13 engine and termed COAT. This test method aims to provide a more reliable measurement of the ability of a lubricant to resist aeration during engine operation in field service. The engine used is of current technology and the aeration measurement is operator independent.  
5.2 Test Method—This test method evaluates aeration performance under high-engine-speed, zero-load operation in a turbocharged, heavy-duty, four-stroke diesel engine.  
5.3 Use:  
5.3.1 The tendency of engine oils to aerate in direct-injection, turbocharged diesel engines is influenced by a variety of factors, including engine oil formulation, oil temperature, sump design and capacity, residence time of the oil in the sump, and the design of the pressurized oil systems. In some engine-oil-activated systems, the residence time of the oil in the sump is insufficient to allow dissipation of aeration from the oil. As a consequence, aerated oil can be circulated to hydraulically activated components, adversely affecting the engine timing characteristics and engine operation.  
5.3.2 The results from this test method may be compared against specification requirements such as Specification D4485 to ascertain acceptance.  
5.3.3 The design of the test engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, diesel engines. This factor, along with the unique operating conditions, needs to be considered when comparing the test results against specification requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates an engine oil's resistance to aeration in automotive diesel engine service. It is commonly referred to as the Caterpillar-C13 Engine-Oil Aeration Test (COAT). The test is conducted under high-engine-speed (1800 r/min), zero-load conditions using a specified Caterpillar 320 kW, direct-injection, turbocharged, after-cooled, six-cylinder diesel engine designed for heavy-duty, on-highway truck use. This test method was developed as a replacement for Test Method D6894.
Note 1: Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision of Specification D4485.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent, for example, screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A2 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Liquids and Cleaning Solvent  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine Stand Calibration and Non-Reference-Oil Tests  
9  
Procedure  
10  
Calculation, Test Validity and Test Results  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Keywords  
14  
ASTM Test Monitoring Center Organization  
Annex A1  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A2  
Engine and Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Oil Temperature Control System  
Annex A4  
Engine Modifications and Instrumentation  
Annex A5  
...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2016
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0 - Automotive Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D8047-17 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oil Aeration Resistance in a Caterpillar C13 Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-May-2017
Referred By
ASTM D8291-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance of Automotive Engine Oils in the Mitigation of Low-Speed, Preignition in the Sequence IX Gasoline Turbocharged Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
01-Jun-2016
Referred By
ASTM D8279-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Timing-Chain Wear in a Turbocharged, Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition, Four-Cylinder Engine
Effective Date
01-Jun-2016
Referred By
ASTM D8111-23a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIH, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
01-Jun-2016
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
01-Jun-2016

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ASTM D8047-16 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oil Aeration Resistance in a Caterpillar C13 Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel EngineASTM D8047-16 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oil Aeration Resistance in a Caterpillar C13 Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel Engine
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ASTM D8047-16 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oil Aeration Resistance in a Caterpillar C13 Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel Engine
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8047 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Engine Oil Aeration Resistance in a Caterpillar
C13 Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel
1
Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8047; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Portions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM Test
2
Monitoring Center (TMC) services (see Annex A1).
TheTMCprovidesreferenceoils,andengineeringandstatisticalservicestolaboratoriesthatdesire
to produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previously
calibrated by the TMC.
In general, theTest Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such as
theAmericanChemistryCouncilrequirethatalaboratoryutilizetheTMCservicesaspartoftheirtest
registration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant Review
Committee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use the
TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.
The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (and
hence theTest Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of test
severity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may not
be the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.
1. Scope 1.2.1 Exception—WherethereisnodirectSIequivalent,for
example, screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and
1.1 This test method evaluates an engine oil’s resistance to
tubing size.
aeration in automotive diesel engine service. It is commonly
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
referred to as the Caterpillar-C13 Engine-Oil Aeration Test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(COAT). The test is conducted under high-engine-speed
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(1800r⁄min),zero-loadconditionsusingaspecifiedCaterpillar
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
320 kW, direct-injection, turbocharged, after-cooled, six-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See AnnexA2 for
cylinder diesel engine designed for heavy-duty, on-highway
general safety precautions.
truckuse.Thistestmethodwasdevelopedasareplacementfor
Test Method D6894. 1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:
NOTE 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil perfor-
Section
manceforspecificationrequirementsarediscussedinthelatestrevisionof
Scope 1
Specification D4485. Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Summary of Test Method 4
Significance and Use 5
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Apparatus 6
standard.
Engine Liquids and Cleaning Solvent 7
Preparation of Apparatus 8
Engine Stand Calibration and Non-Reference-Oil Tests 9
Procedure 10
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Calculation, Test Validity and Test Results 11
Report 12
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Precision and Bias 13
Subcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
Keywords 14
Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published July 2016. DOI: 10.1520/
ASTM Test Monitoring Center Organization Annex A1
D8047-16.
2
Safety Precautions Annex A2
ASTMTestMonitoringCenter,6555PennAvenue,Pittsburgh,PA15206-4489.
Engine and Engine Build Parts Kit Annex A3
http://www.astmtmc.cmu.edu.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8047 − 16
D5186Test Method for Determination of the Aromatic
Section
Oil Temperature Control System Annex A4
Content and Polynuclear Aromatic Content of Diesel
Engine Modifications and Instrumentation Annex A5
Fuels and Aviation Turbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid
External Oil System Annex A6
Chromatography
Aeration Measurement System Annex A7
Specified Units and Formats Annex A8
D5453Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
ASTM TMC: Calibration Procedures Annex A9
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
ASTM TMC: Maintenance Activities Annex A10
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
ASTM TMC: Related Information Annex A11
Engine Break-in and Silicon Passivation Procedure Annex A12
D6078TestMethodforEvaluatingLubricityofDieselFuels
Schedul
...

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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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