ASTM F218-05

Standard Test Method for Analyzing Stress in Glass

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The performance of glass products may be affected by presence of residual stresses due to process, differential thermal expansion between fused components, and by inclusions. This test method provides means of quantitative evaluation of stresses.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of stress in glass by means of a polarimeter based on the principles developed by Jessop and Friedel (, ). Stress is evaluated as a function of optical retardation, that is expressed as the angle of rotation of an analyzing polarizer that causes extinction in the glass.
1.2 There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Sep-2005
• ICS: 81.040.01 - Glass in general
• Technical Committee: C14 - Glass and Glass Products
• Drafting Committee: C14.04 - Physical and Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F218-95(2000) - Standard Test Method for Analyzing Stress in Glass
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2005
• Replaced By: ASTM F218-12 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Optical Retardation and Analyzing Stress in Glass
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012
• Referred By: ASTM F140-98(2020) - Standard Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Butt Seals and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polarimetric Methods
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C1422/C1422M-20a - Standard Specification for Chemically Strengthened Flat Glass
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2005
• Referred By: ASTM F144-80(2019) - Standard Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Sandwich Seal and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polarimetric Methods
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C1426-14(2020) - Standard Practices for Verification and Calibration of Polarimeters
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C978-04(2019) - Standard Test Method for Photoelastic Determination of Residual Stress in a Transparent Glass Matrix Using a Polarizing Microscope and Optical Retardation Compensation Procedures
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C770-16(2020) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress—Optical Coefficient
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2005
• Referred By: ASTM F14-80(2019) - Standard Practice for Making and Testing Reference Glass-Metal Bead-Seal
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2005
• Referred By: ASTM E671-98(2022) - Standard Specification for Maximum Permissible Thermal Residual Stress in Annealed Glass Laboratory Apparatus
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F218–05
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Optical Retardation and Analyzing Stress in
1
Glass
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF218;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of stress in glass by 4.1 The performance of glass products may be affected by
means of a polarimeter based on the principles developed by presence of residual stresses due to process, differential ther-
2
Jessop and Friedel (1, 2). Stress is evaluated as a function of mal expansion between fused components, and by inclusions.
optical retardation, that is expressed as the angle of rotation of This test method provides means of quantitative evaluation of
an analyzing polarizer that causes extinction in the glass. stresses.
1.2 There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
5. Calibration and Standardization
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Whenever calibration of the polarimeter is required by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- product specification, Practices C1426 for verification and
calibration should be used.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Polarimeter
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 The polarimeter shall consist of an arrangement similar
3
2.1 ASTM Standards: to that shown in Fig. 1. A description of each component
follows:
C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
C770 Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress— 6.1.1 Source of Light—Either a white light or a monochro-
matic source such as sodium light (l 589 nm) or a white light
Optical Coefficient
C978 Test Method for Photoelastic Determination of Re- covered with a narrow-band interferential filter B, (see Fig. 1,)
sidual Stress in a Transparent Glass Matrix Using a transmitting the desired monochromatic wavelength.
Polarizing Microscope and Optical Retardation Compen-
NOTE 1—The white light should provide a source of illumination with
sation Procedures
solar temperature of at least that of Illuminant A.
C1426 PracticesforVerificationandCalibrationofPolarim-
6.1.2 Filter—The filter should be placed between the light
eters
source and the polarizer, or between the analyzer and the
viewer (see Fig. 1).
3. Terminology
6.1.3 Diffuser—A piece of opal glass or a ground glass of
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
photographic quality.
Terminology C162.
6.1.4 Polarizer—Apolarizing element housed in a rotatable
mount capable of being locked in a fixed position shown in
Fig. 2 and Fig. 4.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass
6.1.5 Immersion Cell—Rectangular glass jar with strain-
and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.04 on
free, retardation-free viewing sides filled with a liquid having
Physical and Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally
the same index of refraction as the glass specimen to be
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F218 – 95 (2000).
measured. It may be surmounted with a suitable device for
DOI: 10.1520/F0218-05.
2 holding and rotating the specimen, such that it does not stress
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the reports and papers appearing
in the list of references at the end of this test method. the specimen.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
NOTE 2—Suitableindexliquidsmaybepurchasedormixedasrequired.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Dibutyl phthalate (refractive index 1.489), and tricresyl phosphate (index
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 1.555) may be mixed to produce any desired refractive index between the
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F218–05
2 and Fig. 4). The vibration direction of the analyzer must be
“crossed” with respect to that of the polarizer; that is, the two
directions must be at right angles to each other. In this
relationship a minimum amount of light will pass through the
combination. To check the 45° angle at which the directions of
the polarizer and analyzer must be set, use may be made of a
A—Light source (white, sodium vapor, or mercury vapor arc)
B—Filter (used only with mercury arc
...