ASTM D4685-07(2011)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Pile Fabric Abrasion
Standard Test Method for Pile Fabric Abrasion
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is considered satisfactory for quality control testing and commercial shipment acceptance.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take test specimens that are from the lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using student’t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.
Finishes and changes in fabric surfaces may exert a large effect on pile retention of corduroy. Therefore, it may be desirable to test before as well as after laundering or drycleaning, or both.
The separate testing of specimens on the face and back of the fabric is important in this test method since the pile pull-out may be due to abrasive action on either the face or back. With many pile fabrics, specifically corduroy constructions, pile retention properties are worse when abraded on the back.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion of pile fabrics when the loss of pile tuffs occur, sometimes called pile retention or pile pull out. It includes two procedures:
1.1.1 Procedure AThe "Heavy Duty" procedure describes the test option for fabrics over 240 g/m2 (7 oz/yd2) or fabrics which should meet heavy duty end-use conditions of wear.
1.1.2 Procedure BThe "Light Duty" procedure describes the test option for fabrics under 240 g/m2 (7 oz/yd2) or fabrics which should meet light duty end-use conditions of wear.
1.2 The test method is intended for both regular, ribless woven corduroy or other woven pile fabric constructions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D4685 − 07(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Pile Fabric Abrasion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4685; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—The Terminology section was updated in June 2011.
1. Scope 2.2 ASTM Adjunct:
Photographic Scale for Pile Retention
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abra-
2.3 AATCC Method:
sion of pile fabrics when the loss of pile tuffs occur, sometimes
TM135 DimensionalChangesinAutomaticHomeLaunder-
calledpileretentionorpilepullout.Itincludestwoprocedures:
ing of Woven or Knit Fabrics
1.1.1 ProcedureA—The “Heavy Duty” procedure describes
2 2
the test option for fabrics over 240 g/m (7 oz/yd ) or fabrics
3. Terminology
which should meet heavy duty end-use conditions of wear.
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59 on Fabric Test
1.1.2 Procedure B—The “Light Duty” procedure describes
2 2
Methods. General, see Terminology D4850.
the test option for fabrics under 240 g/m (7 oz/yd ) or fabrics
which should meet light duty end-use conditions of wear.
3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
abrasion, corduroy, pile fabric, pile retention, velveteen.
1.2 The test method is intended for both regular, ribless
woven corduroy or other woven pile fabric constructions.
3.3 FordefinitionsofallothertextiletermsseeTerminology
D123.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
4.1 Test specimens are exposed to a specified number of
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
abrasion cycles on face and back separately and then evaluated
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
by viewing the specimen over a light box and comparing to
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
photographicstandards.Themethodmeasuresonlytheamount
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
of pile pulled out of the base fabric structure and not the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
surface pile appearance attributes, such as crushed or flatten
ribs.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for quality
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
control testing and commercial shipment acceptance.
D2724 Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and Laminated
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
Apparel Fabrics
reported test results when using this test method, the purchaser
D3884 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine
Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Compe-
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
tent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation
Methods
of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take test
specimens that are from the lot of material of the type in
question.Thetestspecimensshouldthenberandomlyassigned
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
General.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4685 – 07. DOI: A set of six photographic standards for pile retention of corduroy fabrics is
10.1520/D4685-07R11E01. available fromASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, W. Conchohocken, PA
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 19483-9585. Request adjunct no. 12-446850-18.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://
the ASTM website. www.aatcc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D4685 − 07 (2011)
results from the two laboratories should be compared using covered with a clear glass plate which has a black 25 mm (1
student’s t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability in.) circular tape glued to the center of the opening to prevent
level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If light from passing through the center hole of the specimen
a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or while grading.
the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future 6.4.2 The box contains a 75 W reflector flood light the top
test results in the light of the known bias. of which is 38 mm (1 ⁄2 in.) below the glass surface of the box
and the specimen. The lamp size and spacing is critical.
5.2 Finishes and changes in fabric surfaces may exert a
large effect on pile retention of corduroy. Therefore, it may be
7. Sampling
desirable to test before as well as after laundering or
7.1 LotSample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
drycleaning, or both.
at random the number of rolls of fabric directed in an
5.3 The separate testing of specimens on the face and back
applicable material specification or other agreement between
of the fabric is important in this test method since the pile
thepurchaserandthesupplier.Considerrollsoffabrictobethe
pull-out may be due to abrasive action on either the face or
primary sampling units.
back. With many pile fabrics, specifically corduroy
7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample, take from
constructions,pileretentionpropertiesareworsewhenabraded
each roll of fabric in the lot sample a full width swatch at least
on the back.
500 mm (20 in.) long after removing at least1m(1yd)of
6. Apparatus
fabric from the outside of the roll. If the fabric is also to be
evaluated after laundering or drycleaning, take a second full
6.1 Rotary Platform Abraser, as described in Test Method
width swatch 500 mm (20 in.) long from each roll of fabric in
D3884.
the lot sample.
6.1.1 CS-10 Calibrase Abrading Wheels.
6.1.2 Specimen Holder, rubber pad, clamp plate, and clamp
7.3 Test Specimens—Cut four specimens from each swatch
ring.
in the laboratory sample as directed in 8.1.
6.1.3 Auxillary Weight, to give a load of 500 g per wheel.
6.1.4 Vacuum Unit. 8. Specimens and Preparation
8.1 Using the template or die specified in 6.2, cut four
6.2 Round Template, or die approximately 135 mm (5 ⁄4 in.)
in diameter for cutting out specimens. specimens 133 mm (5 ⁄4 in.) in diameter from each laboratory
3 sample. If a sample is to be evaluated after laundering or
6.3 Photographic Rating Standards.
drycleaning, four additional specimens will be taken. (See
6.4 Lighted Viewing Box, for evaluation (see Fig. 1).
Section 9).
6.4.1 The box is approximately 215 mm (8 ⁄8 in.) in height,
8.2 Cut the specimens from each laboratory sample so that
7 7
150 mm (5 ⁄8 in.) wide, 150 mm (5 ⁄8 in.) in depth, with a 90
each specimen contains different warp and filling yarns. Two
mm (3 ⁄4 3 in.) diameter opening in the top. The opening is
specimens are to be used to test the face of the sample and two
specimens to test the back of the fabric.
TheTaberAbraser has been found suitable for this purpose. Several models are
8.3 Prepare specimen by folding the round specimen twice
available from Taber Industries, 455 Bryant St., North Tonawanda, NY 14120.
and cutting off the pointed tip to produce a 6-mm ( ⁄4-in.) hole
in the center of the specimen to accommodate the clamping
screw.
8.4 Determine the fabric mass or identify the anticipated
end-use of the sample, or both, for proper selection of the
testing option.
8.5 Prior to testing, ensure the expiration date of the
abrasion wheels has not passed for the CS-10 wheels. Follow
the manufacturer’s recommended procedure for breaking in
new, or resurfacing and cleaning wheel sets.
NOTE 1—See detailed instructions on preconditioning and other opera-
tions in the instrument manual or those in Test Method D3884.
9. Laundering and Drycleaning
9.1 Laundering—If the fabric is to be evaluated after
laundering, launder the appropriate laboratory samples for
three cycles using AATCC TM 135, unless the purchaser and
supplier agree to use an alternate procedure.
A 75-watt reflector flood light manufactured by General Electric Co. (75R
FIG. 1 Pile Retention Viewing Box 30/FL) has been found suitable for this pu
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.