ASTM F2411-04e1

Standard Specification for Design and Performance of an Airborne Sense-and-Avoid System

SCOPE
1.1 The following requirements cover the design and performance of airborne sense-and-avoid (SA) systems. This specification includes requirements to support detection of, and safe separation from, airborne objects such as manned or unmanned aircraft and air vehicles.
1.2 This specification applies to the manufacturer of an appliance seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation, as providing an equivalent level of safety to the see-and-avoid capability of a manned aircraft.
1.3 This specification is not intended to apply to the design and performance of cooperative SA systems. Existing standards and guidance should be referenced for specifications describing these transponder or broadcast-based systems (examples of existing guidance and standards for cooperative SA systems include FAA 20-131A, RTCA DO-289, and TSO-C119B).
1.4 This specification is not intended to apply to multiple airborne objects flying in formation flight.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2004
• ICS: 49.090 - On-board equipment and instruments
• Technical Committee: F38 - Unmanned Aircraft Systems
• Drafting Committee: F38.01 - Airworthiness

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F2411-04 - Standard Specification for Design and Performance of an Airborne Sense-and-Avoid System
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM F2411-07 - Standard Specification for Design and Performance of an Airborne Sense-and-Avoid System (Withdrawn 2014)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2007
• Referred By: ASTM F3060-20 - Standard Terminology for Aircraft
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation: F 2411 – 04
Standard Specification for
Design and Performance of an Airborne Sense-and-Avoid
1
System
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2411; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Section 7 was updated editorially in July 2005.
1. Scope 14 CFR 91.123 General Operating and Flight Rules–Com-
pliance with ATC Clearances and Instructions
1.1 The following requirements cover the design and per-
3
2.2 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Publications:
formance of airborne sense-and-avoid (S&A) systems. This
FAA8700.1 GeneralAviation Operations Inspector’s Hand-
specificationincludesrequirementstosupportdetectionof,and
book
safe separation from, airborne objects such as manned or
FAA P-8740-51 How to Avoid a Midair Collision
unmanned aircraft and air vehicles.
FAA 90.48C Advisory Circular–Pilots’ Role in Collision
1.2 This specification applies to the manufacturer of an
Avoidance
appliance seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form
FAA 20-131A Advisory Circular–Airworthiness Approval
of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documenta-
of Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS
tion, as providing an equivalent level of safety to the see-and-
II) and Mode S Transponders
avoid capability of a manned aircraft.
TSO-C119B Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System
1.3 This specification is not intended to apply to the design
(TCAS) Airborne Equipment
and performance of cooperative S&A systems. Existing stan-
4
2.3 ICAO Publications:
dards and guidance should be referenced for specifications
ICAO Rules of the Air–Annex 2
describing these transponder or broadcast-based systems (ex-
5
2.4 RTCA Publications:
amples of existing guidance and standards for cooperative
DO-289 MinimumAviation System Performance Standards
S&A systems include FAA 20-131A, RTCA DO-289, and
(MASPS) for Aircraft Surveillance Applications (ASA)
TSO-C119B).
1.4 This specification is not intended to apply to multiple
3. Terminology
airborne objects flying in formation flight.
3.1 Definitions:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 airborne object, n—any object that is operating in the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
airspace.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 airspace of operations, n—all classes of airspace in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
which a system is intended to operate.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.3 closing velocity, n—rate of change of the decreasing
2. Referenced Documents distance between two objects.
2 3.1.4 collision threat, n—hazard consisting of a manned or
2.1 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR):
unmanned aircraft, air vehicle, or other airborne object.
14 CFR 91.1 General Operating and Flight Rules–Applica-
3.1.5 cooperative S&A system, n—system capable of com-
bility
municating with systems on-board other aircraft, air vehicles,
14 CFR 91.113 General Operating and Flight Rules–Right-
or airborne objects in order to facilitate detection or coordinate
of-Way Rules: Except Water Operations
resolution maneuvers, or both.
1 3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 Independence
Unmanned Air Vehicle Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20591.
4
F38.01 on Airworthiness. Available from International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), 999 Univer-
Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published June 2004. sity St., Montreal, Quebec H3C 5H7, Canada.
2 5
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments, Available from RTCA, Inc., 1828 L Street, NW, Suite 805, Washington, DC
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401. 20036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e1
F2411–04
3.1.6 detection distance, n—distance at which an S&A 4.2.3 Latency—It shall be demonstrated that the time be-
system can perceive a potential collision threat. tween detection of a collision threat and initiation of a
3.1.7 field of regard (FOR), n—area capable of being resolution maneuver does not compromise the required miss
perceived or monitored by a sensor, or both, specified in terms distancespecification.Thistimelatencymayinclude,butisnot
of azimuth and elevation from the fixed body reference frame limited to:
of the S&A platform.
4.2.3.1 Comm
...