ASTM C34-03

Standard Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile

ABSTRACT
This specification covers structural clay loading-bearing wall tiles of the following grades: Grade LBX, suitable for general use in masonry construction and adapted for use in masonry exposed to weathering; and Grade LB, suitable for general use in masonry where not exposed to frost action, or for use in exposed masonry where protected with a facing of stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry. Tile covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing), which must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements. Tiles shall adhere to water absorption, compressive strength, and dimensional (nominal thickness and mass) requirements specified for individual grades.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers structural clay loading-bearing wall tile. Two grades of tile are covered, as follows:
1.1.1 Grade LBX—Suitable for general use in masonry construction and adapted for use in masonry exposed to weathering, provided they meet the durability requirements for Grade SW of Specification C 216.
1.1.2 Grade LB—Suitable for general use in masonry where not exposed to frost action, or for use in exposed masonry where protected with a facing of 3 in. (76.2 mm) or more of stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry.
1.1.3 If tile having a particular color, texture, or finish are desired, these features shall be specified separately by the purchaser. Color of tile varies with the type of clay used and degree of burning; hence, it cannot be taken as indicative of classification until after it has been related to absorption and strength by actual tests.
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Section ) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.
1.3 Tile covered by this standard are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired bond in Terminology C43.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2003
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C15 - Manufactured Masonry Units
• Drafting Committee: C15.02 - Brick and Structural Clay Tile

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C34-96(2001) - Standard Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM C34-09 - Standard Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C652-22 - Standard Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale)
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C56-22 - Standard Specification for Structural Clay Nonloadbearing Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C1232-21a - Standard Terminology for Masonry
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C34 – 03
Standard Specification for
1
Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C34; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This specification covers structural clay loading-bearing 2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
wall tile. Two grades of tile are covered, as follows: C43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products
1.1.1 Grade LBX—Suitable for general use in masonry C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
construction and adapted for use in masonry exposed to Structural Clay Tile
weathering, provided they meet the durability requirements for C216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units
Grade SW of Specification C216. Made from Clay or Shale)
1.1.2 Grade LB—Suitable for general use in masonry where
3. Physical Properties
not exposed to frost action, or for use in exposed masonry
where protected with a facing of 3 in. (76.2 mm) or more of 3.1 Structural clay load-bearing wall tile shall conform to
the physical properties for the grade specified as prescribed in
stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry.
1.1.3 If tile having a particular color, texture, or finish are Table 1.
3.2 Tile of Grade LBX shall be accepted under all condi-
desired, these features shall be specified separately by the
purchaser. tions instead of Grade LB.
3.3 End-construction tile are tile designed to be placed in
NOTE 1—Color of tile varies with the type of clay used and degree of
the wall with axes of the cells vertical. Side-construction tile
burning; hence, it cannot be taken as indicative of classification until after
are tile designed to be placed in the wall with the axes of the
it has been related to absorption and strength by actual tests.
cells horizontal. Where end-construction tile are used on the
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the
side they shall conform to the requirements of side-
time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile
construction tile and vice versa.
extracted from masonry structures for determining conform-
3.4 Bonding tile shall be so designed as to provide recesses
anceornon-conformancetothepropertyrequirements(Section
for header brick courses when laid up in brick-faced walls.
3) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.
1.3 Tile covered by this standard are manufactured from
4. Number of Cells
clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and
4.1 Load-bearing tile shall conform to the following re-
subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing).
quirements for minimum number of cells (see Note 2) in the
The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between
directionofwallthickness(seeNote3forapproximateweights
the particulate constituents to provide the strength and dura-
of tile):
bility requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired
NOTE 2—Cells are hollow spaces enclosed within the perimeter of the
bond in Terminology C43.)
1
exterior shell, and having a minimum dimension of not less than ⁄2 in.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
2 2
(12.7 mm) and a cross-sectional area of not less than 1 in (6.5 cm ).
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
Fire-resistance regulations of governing codes should be checked as to
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
type of tile required.
as requirements of the standard.
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
C15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published January 2004. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1921. Last previous edition appoved in 2001 as C34 – 96 (2001). DOI: Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
10.1520/C0034-03. on www.astm.org.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C34–03
TABLE 1 Physical Properties
B
Maximum Water Minimum Compressive Strength (Based on Gross Area), psi (MPa)
A
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C34–96 (Reapproved 2001) Designation: C 34 – 03
Standard Specification for
1
Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC 34;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers structural clay loading-bearing wall tile. Two grades of tile are covered, as follows:
1.1.1 Grade LBX—Suitable for general use in masonry construction and adapted for use in masonry exposed to weathering,
provided they meet the durability requirements for Grade SW of Specification C 216.
1.1.2 Grade LB—Suitable for general use in masonry where not exposed to frost action, or for use in exposed masonry where
protected with a facing of 3 in. (76.2 mm) or more of stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry.
1.1.3 If tile having a particular color, texture, or finish are desired, these features shall be specified separately by the purchaser.
NOTE 1—Color of tile varies with the type of clay used and degree of burning; hence, it cannot be taken as indicative of classification until after it
has been related to absorption and strength by actual tests.
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile extracted
from masonry structures for determining conformance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Section 3) of this
standard is beyond the scope of this standard.
1.3 Tile covered by this standard are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to
a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate
constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired bond in Terminology
C 43.)
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products
C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
C 216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)
3. Physical Properties
3.1 Structural clay load-bearing wall tile shall conform to the physical properties for the grade specified as prescribed in Table
1.
3.2 Tile of Grade LBX shall be accepted under all conditions instead of Grade LB.
3.3 End-construction tile are tile designed to be placed in the wall with axes of the cells vertical. Side-construction tile are tile
designed to be placed in the wall with the axes of the cells horizontal. Where end-construction tile are used on the side they shall
conform to the requirements of side-construction tile and vice versa.
3.4 Bonding tile shall be so designed as to provide recesses for header brick courses when laid up in brick-faced walls.
4. Number of Cells
A
4.1Load-bearing tile shall conform to the following requirements for minimum number of cells in the direction of wall
thickness (see
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brick
and Structural Clay Tile.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1996. Published January 1997. Originally published as C34–21 T. Last previous edition C34–93.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published January 2004. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition appoved in 2001 as C 34 – 96 (2001).
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C34–03
TABLE 1 Physical Properties
B
Maximum Water Minimum Compressive Strength (Based on Gross Area), psi (MPa)
A
Absorpt
...