ASTM E2004-99
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Facing Cleavage of Sandwich Panels
Standard Test Method for Facing Cleavage of Sandwich Panels
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cleavage force to peel stiff facings from sandwich panels.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses may be approximate, and are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E 2004 – 99
Standard Test Method for
Facing Cleavage of Sandwich Panels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.4 mixed-mode failure—failure that shows evidence of
more than one of the three failure modes described above.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cleav-
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Visually estimate and report the per-
age force to peel stiff facings from sandwich panels.
cent of the total failure surface area that is covered by each type
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
of failure.
as the standard. The SI units given in parenthesis may be
approximate, and are for information only.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 This test method determines the cleavage force required
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to peel stiff facings from the core of sandwich panels, and is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
used to determine how well the facing is bonded to the core.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Test Method D 1781 only works well with flexible facings. As
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
a guideline, the cleavage test method would work better on
2. Referenced Documents sandwich panels that have facings with a bending stiffness (EI)
of greater than approximately 27.3 lbs-in /inch width (3.09
2.1 ASTM Standards:
kN·mm /mm width). This converts to approximately 0.032 in.
D 1781 Test Method for Climbing Drum Peel for Adhe-
(0.81 mm) aluminum, 0.023 in. (0.57 mm) steel, and 0.046 in.
sives
(1.18 mm) fiberglass facings.
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
5. Apparatus
3. Terminology
5.1 Test Machine, capable of maintaining a controlled load-
3.1 Definitions:
ing rate and indicating the load with an accuracy of 6 1% of
3.1.1 adhesive failure—failure that is completely within the
the indicated value. The accuracy of the test machine shall be
adhesive layer with no evidence of interfacial disbonding
verified in accordance with Practices E 4.
between the core and the adhesive, between the adhesive and
5.2 Deflectometer, capable of measuring the displacement
the facing, and no evidence of tearing or rupture within the
with a precision of at least 6 10 %.
core.
5.3 Micrometer gage or caliper, capable of measuring
3.1.2 bond failure—failure that is interfacial and is either
accurately to 0.01 in. (0.25 mm).
(a) between the adhesive and the core, or (b) between the
adhesive and the facing; no core or adhesive failure will be in
6. Test Specimen
evidence in this type of failure.
6.1 The test specimen shall be from the sandwich panel
3.1.2.1 Discussion—If bond failure occurs it should be
being evaluated.
specified as to whether it is type (a)or(b).
6.2 Prepare the specimen according to the dimensions
3.1.3 core failure—failure that is completely within the core
specified in Fig. 1.
material and is comprised of a tearing or rupture of the core
6.3 The loading blocks shall be bonded to the specimen with
material with no evidence of interfacial disbonding between
an adhesive or attached with pop-rivets. See Fig. 2.
the core and the adhesive, within the adhesive itself, or
between the adhesive and the facing.
7. Conditioning
7.1 When the physical properties of the component materi-
als are affected by moisture,
...
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