ASTM D5587-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
If there are differences of practical significance between test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing. Randomly assign the samples in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
The trapezoid tear produces tension along a reasonably defined course such that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. It is useful for estimating the relative tear resistance of different fabrics or different directions in the same fabric.
Depending on the nature of the specimen, the data recording devices will show the tearing force in the form of a peak or peaks. The highest peaks appear to reflect the strength of the yarn components, individually or in combination, needed to stop a tear in fabrics of the same construction. The valleys recorded between the peaks have no specific significance. The minimum tearing force, however, is indicated to be above the lowest valleys.
Most textile fabrics can be tested by this test method. Some modification of clamping techniques may be necessary for a given fabric, depending upon its structure. Strong fabrics or fabrics made from glass fibers ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of textile fabrics by the trapezoid procedure using a recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) tensile testing machine.
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining trapezoid tearing strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. Consequently, these test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included in Appendix X1.
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or without wetting.
1.3 Tearing strength, as measured in this test method, requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear.
1.4 Two calculations for trapezoid tearing strength are provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest peak forces.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be approximate.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5587 − 08
StandardTest Method for
1
Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5587; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing
2.1 ASTM Standards:
strength of textile fabrics by the trapezoid procedure using a
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
recordingconstant-rate-of-extension-type(CRE)tensiletesting
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
machine.
D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
preferred test apparatus for determining trapezoid tearing
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse- Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-
3
type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used.
drawn 2008)
Consequently, these test instruments may be used when agreed
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
3
upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included in Appendix
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
X1.
Methods
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including
3. Terminology
wovenfabrics,airbagfabrics,blankets,nappedfabrics,knitted
fabrics, layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric Test
untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise
methods, General, refer to Terminology D4850.
treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this
without wetting.
standard:fabric,intextiles;peakforce,inteartestingoffabrics;
1.3 Tearing strength, as measured in this test method,
tearing force, in fabric; tearing strength, in fabrics.
requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported
3.2 For all other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminol-
value obtained is not directly related to the force required to
ogy D123.
initiate or start a tear.
1.4 Two calculations for trapezoid tearing strength are
4. Summary of Test Method
provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest
4.1 An outline of an isosceles trapezoid is marked on a
peak forces.
rectangular specimen (see Fig. 1). The specimen is slit at the
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
center of the smallest base of the trapezoid to start the tear.The
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be
nonparallel sides of the marked trapezoid are clamped in
approximate.
parallel jaws of a tensile testing machine.The separation of the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the jawsisincreasedcontinuouslytoapplyaforcetopropagatethe
tearacrossthespecimen.Atthesametime,theforcedeveloped
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- is recorded. The force to continue the tear is calculated from
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- autographic chart recorders or microprocessor data collection
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. systems.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Specific. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally the ASTM website.
ε1 3
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5587 – 07a . DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D5587-08. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5587 − 08
peak or peaks. The highest peaks appear to reflect the strength
oftheyarncomponents,individuallyorincombination,needed
to stop a tear in fabrics of the same construction. The valleys
recorded between the peaks have no specific significance. The
minimum tearing force, however, is indicated to be above the
lowest valleys.
5.5 Most textile fabrics can
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D5587–07a Designation: D 5587 – 08
Standard Test Method for
1
Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5587; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Added research report reference to Section 13 editorially in March 2008.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of textile fabrics by the trapezoid procedure using a
recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) tensile testing machine.
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining trapezoid tearing strength.
It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. Consequently, these
test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for use of the CRT-type
tensile tester are included in Appendix X1.
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics,
layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated.
Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or without wetting.
1.3 Tearing strength, as measured in this test method, requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value
obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear.
1.4 Two calculations for trapezoid tearing strength are provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest peak
forces.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be approximate.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
D 2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles
D 4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric Test methods, General, refer to Terminology D 4850.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:fabric, in textiles; peak force, in tear testing of fabrics; tearing force, in
fabric; tearing strength, in fabrics.
3.2 For all other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminology D 123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 An outline of an isosceles trapezoid is marked on a rectangular specimen (see Fig. 1). The specimen is slit at the center of
the smallest base of the trapezoid to start the tear. The nonparallel sides of the marked trapezoid are clamped in parallel jaws of
a tensile testing machine. The separation of the jaws is increased continuously to apply a force to propagate the tear across the
specimen. At the same time, the force developed is recorded. The force to continue the tear is calculated from autographic chart
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextilesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD13.60onFabricTestMethods,Specific.
´1
CurrenteditionapprovedDec.Aug.1,2007.2008.PublishedJanuaryOctober2008.Originallyapprovedin1996.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2007asD 5587 – 07a .
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5587–08
(a)
(b)
FIG. 1 Templates for Cutting and Marking Trapezoid Test
Specimens
recorders or microprocessor data collection systems.
5. Significance and Use
...
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