ASTM D7434-08(2014)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Performance of Passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Transponders on Palletized or Unitized Loads (Withdrawn 2018)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Performance of Passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Transponders on Palletized or Unitized Loads (Withdrawn 2018)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many materials used in the production of goods can have an adverse affect on the performance of an RFID system. This test method qualifies the performance of an RFID system applied to a unit load.
5.2 This test method is intended for systems used exclusively within the United States. Additional test standards from ISO or other standards bodies may apply to internationally handled goods and may include additional test scenarios not outlined in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method quantitatively evaluates the readability of radio frequency identification (RFID) pallet transponders placed on pallet loads that are mechanically handled by material handling equipment such as fork trucks, pallet jacks, and automated guided vehicle systems.
1.2 This test method is intended for use in laboratory settings that simulate, as closely as is practicable, the distribution environment of the product being tested.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method quantitatively evaluated the readability of radio frequency identification (RFID) pallet transponders placed on pallet loads that are mechanically handled by material handling equipment such as fork trucks, pallet jacks, and automated guided vehicle systems.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D10 on Packaging, this test method was withdrawn in November 2018. This test method is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7434 −08 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Performance of Passive Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) Transponders on Palletized or Unitized
Loads
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7434; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terms and definitions used in this test
1.1 This test method quantitatively evaluates the readability
method may be found in Terminology D996.
of radio frequency identification (RFID) pallet transponders
placed on pallet loads that are mechanically handled by
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
material handling equipment such as fork trucks, pallet jacks,
3.2.1 critical transponder distance—the distance between
and automated guided vehicle systems.
the transponder and the interrogator antenna at which a
transponder becomes undetectable by an RFID system, when
1.2 This test method is intended for use in laboratory
moving the RFID transponder out of the read field.
settings that simulate, as closely as is practicable, the distribu-
3.2.2 direct line of sight—an unobstructed visible path from
tion environment of the product being tested.
one object to another.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.2.3 firmware—a series of programmable instructions,
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
stored in read only memory (ROM), which controls the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
capabilities of an interrogator.
and are not considered standard.
3.2.4 radio frequency identification (RFID)— a wireless
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
data communication technology that uses radio waves to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
transfer data from one source to another.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.5 read field—the area in which an RFID transponder is
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
capable of responding to the interrogator. The outermost
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
boundary of the read field correlates to the critical transponder
distance. The distance between the critical transponder dis-
2. Referenced Documents
tance and the transponder acquisition distance represents an
area of RF energy that may or may not be sufficient to activate
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ- a passive transponder.
ments
3.2.6 RF—the energy used by RFID systems to activate
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
transponders and wirelessly transfer information.
Packaging Components for Testing
3.2.7 RF inhibiting—a substance or material that causes a
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
significant reduction in the effectiveness of radio waves that
chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
reach an RFID transponder.
peratures)
3.2.8 software—an array of logic, displayed as an
application, used to access and control a device.
3.2.9 transponder acquisition distance—the distance be-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
tween the transponder and the interrogator antenna at which a
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.17 on Auto-ID
Applications.
transponder is first detected by an RFID system, when moving
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally
the transponder into the read field.
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7434-08. DOI:
10.1520/D7434-08R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 4. Summary of Test Method
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1 This procedure is used to determine the read perfor-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. manceoftheRFsystemwhileaffixedtoafullyassembled,unit
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7434−08 (2014)
load. The read field is developed by determining the critical 8.3.1 Interrogator—A manufactured device that communi-
transponder distance and the transponder acquisition distance cates with RFID transponders via antennae and communicates
transponder information to the host computer.
5. Significance and Use 8.3.2 Interrogator Antenna—A manufactured device that
emitsRFenergytotranspondersandreceivesinformationfrom
5.1 Many materials used in the production of goods can
transponders in the form of reflected RF energy.
have an adverse affect on the performance of an RFID system.
8.3.3 Transponder (pallet transponder)— A microchip with
This test method qualifies the performance of an RFID system
a small conductive antenna that receives RF energy from the
applied to a unit load.
interrogator antenna and reflects the information on the micro
5.2 This test method is intended for systems used exclu-
chip back to the interrogator antenna in the form of RF energy.
sively within the United States. Additional test standards from
8.3.4 Host Computer—Any computer with the proper soft-
ISO or other standards bodies may apply to internationally
ware to communicate with and operate the RFID interrogator.
handled goods and may include additional test scenarios not
outlined in this test method. 9. Test Specimen
9.1 Eachunitloadshallbecomprisedofaspecifiedquantity
6. Interferences
of unit case load(s), representative of a production run unit
load.
6.1 RFID systems are subject to interference from metal,
water, and ambient RF energy. If significant levels of any of
9.2 Each unit case load shall consist of a representative
these interferences are present in the immediate testing area,
production run package, or components of an assembled
the observed read field will be affected. Due to uncontrolled
packaging system, to include primary, secondary, and/or ter-
variation in testing facilities, numerical values for interference
tiary packaging up through the shipping case level.
cannot be stated. Possible sources of interference shall be
9.3 An RFID transponder specimen shall be a randomly
documented in the final report.
selected transponder from an RFID transponder inventory.
6.1.1 Documentation of interference shall include informa-
tion regarding, material, size, and location relative to interro-
10. Conditioning
gator antenna.
10.1 Test specimens shall be conditioned at the standard
6.2 If significant levels of interference are unavoidable,
conditioning atmosphere of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) for a
testing shall be conducted in such a manner that interferences
minimum of 24 h prior to testing (see Practice D4332) unless
remain unchanged throughout testing.
otherwise noted as per 13.1.1.
11. Procedure
7. Atmospheric Conditions
11.1 Mapping the Read Field:
7.1 Testing shall be conducted at standard conditioning
11.1.1 Determining the Critical Distance Read Field of the
atmosphere 23 6 1°C (73.4 6 2°F) and 50 6 2 % relative
Unit Load:
humidity, unless othe
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.