ASTM E1765-11

Standard Practice for Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Multiattribute Decision Analysis of Investments Related to Buildings and Building Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The AHP method allows you to generate a single measure of desirability for project alternatives with respect to multiple attributes (qualitative and quantitative). By contrast, life-cycle cost (Practice E917), net savings (Practice E1074), savings-to-investment ratio (Practice E964), internal rate-of-return (Practice E1057), and payback (Practice E1121) methods all require you to put a monetary value on benefits and costs in order to include them in a measure of project worth.
Use AHP to evaluate a finite and generally small set of discrete and predetermined options or alternatives. Specific AHP applications are ranking and choosing among alternatives. For example, rank alternative building locations with AHP to see how they measure up to one another, or use AHP to choose among building materials to see which is best for your application.
Use AHP if no single alternative exhibits the most preferred available value or performance for all attributes. This is often the result of an underlying trade-off relationship among attributes. An example is the trade-off between low desired energy costs and large glass window areas (which may raise heating and cooling costs while lowering lighting costs).
Use AHP to evaluate alternatives whose attributes are not all measurable in the same units. Also use AHP when performance relative to some or all of the attributes is impractical, impossible, or too costly to measure. For example, while life-cycle costs are directly measured in monetary units, the number and size of offices are measured in other units, and the public image of a building may not be practically measurable in any unit. To help you choose among candidate buildings with these diverse attributes, use AHP to evaluate your alternatives.
Potential users of AHP include architects, developers, owners, or lessors of buildings, real estate professionals (commercial and residential), facility managers, building material manufacturers, and agencies managing building po...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice presents a procedure for calculating and interpreting AHP scores of a project's total overall desirability when making building-related capital investment decisions.  
1.2 In addition to monetary benefits and costs, the procedure allows for the consideration of characteristics or attributes which decision makers regard as important, but which are not readily expressed in monetary terms. Examples of such attributes that pertain to the selection of a building alternative (and its surroundings) are location/accessibility, site security, maintainability, quality of the sound and visual environment, and image to the public and occupants.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2011
• ICS: 03.100.50 - Production. Production management
• ICS: 91.010.99 - Other aspects
• Technical Committee: E06 - Performance of Buildings
• Drafting Committee: E06.81 - Building Economics

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1765-07e1 - Standard Practice for Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Multiattribute Decision Analysis of Investments Related to Buildings and Building Systems
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Replaced By: ASTM E1765-16 - Standard Practice for Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Multiattribute Decision Analysis of Investments Related to Projects, Products, and Processes
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2016
• Referred By: ASTM E917-17(2023) - Standard Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildings and Building Systems
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E1057-15(2020)e1 - Standard Practice for Measuring Internal Rate of Return and Adjusted Internal Rate of Return for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2204-15(2020)e1 - Standard Guide for Summarizing the Economic Impacts of Building-Related Projects
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2506-15(2020)e1 - Standard Guide for Developing a Cost-Effective Risk Mitigation Plan for New and Existing Constructed Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2771-11(2019) - Standard Terminology for Homeland Security Applications
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2495-18 - Standard Practice for Prioritizing Asset Resources in Acquisition, Utilization, and Disposition
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E3130-21 - Standard Guide for Developing Cost-Effective Community Resilience Strategies
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E1074-15(2020)e1 - Standard Practice for Measuring Net Benefits and Net Savings for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2166-16(2023) - Standard Practice for Organizing and Managing Building Data
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E964-15(2020)e1 - Standard Practice for Measuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building Systems
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E1699-14(2020) - Standard Practice for Performing Value Engineering (VE)/Value Analysis (VA) of Projects, Products and Processes
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1765 − 11
StandardPractice for
Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to
Multiattribute Decision Analysis of Investments Related to
1
Buildings and Building Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1765; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Theanalyticalhierarchyprocess(AHP)isoneofasetofmulti-attributedecisionanalysis(MADA)
methods that considers nonmonetary attributes (qualitative and quantitative) in addition to common
economic evaluation measures (such as life-cycle costing or net benefits) when evaluating project
alternatives.Building-relateddecisionsdependinpartonhowcompetingoptionsperformwithrespect
to nonmonetary attributes. This practice complements existing ASTM standards on building
economics by incorporating the existing economic/monetary measures of worth described in those
standards into a more comprehensive standard method of evaluation that includes nonmonetary
(quantitativeandnonquantitative)benefitsandcosts.TheAHPistheMADAmethoddescribedinthis
2
practice. It has three significant strengths: an efficient attribute weighting process of pairwise
comparisons; hierarchical descriptions of attributes, which keep the number of pairwise comparisons
3
manageable; and available software to facilitate its use.
1. Scope 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This practice presents a procedure for calculating and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
interpretingAHPscores of a project’s total overall desirability
3 priate safety and health practices and determine the applicabil-
when making building-related capital investment decisions.
ity of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 Inadditiontomonetarybenefitsandcosts,theprocedure
allows for the consideration of characteristics or attributes
2. Referenced Documents
which decision makers regard as important, but which are not
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
readily expressed in monetary terms. Examples of such attri-
E631Terminology of Building Constructions
butes that pertain to the selection of a building alternative (and
E833Terminology of Building Economics
its surroundings) are location/accessibility, site security,
E917Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildings
maintainability, quality of the sound and visual environment,
and Building Systems
and image to the public and occupants.
E964Practice for Measuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-
to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building Systems
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-
E1057Practice for Measuring Internal Rate of Return and
mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 on
Adjusted Internal Rate of Return for Investments in
Building Economics.
Buildings and Building Systems
Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originally
ε1
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E1765–07 . DOI:
E1074Practice for Measuring Net Benefits and Net Savings
10.1520/E1765-11.
for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems
2
For an extensive overview of MADAmethods and a detailed treatment of how
E1121Practice for Measuring Payback for Investments in
to apply two MADAmethods (one of which isAHP) to building-related decisions,
Buildings and Building Systems
see Norris, G A., and Marshall, H.E., Multiattribute Decision Analysis: Recom-
mended Method for Evaluating Buildings and Building Systems, National Institute
E1334PracticeforRatingtheServiceabilityofaBuildingor
of Standards and Technology, 1995.
3
Thispracticepresentsastand-aloneprocedureforperforminganAHPanalysis.
In addition, an ASTM software product for performing AHP analyses has been
4
developed to support and facilitate use of this practice. Software to Support ASTM For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
E1765: Standard Practice for Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Multiattribute Decision Analysis of Investments Related to Buildings and Building Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Systems, MNL29, ASTM, 1998. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E1765 − 11
5
Building-Related Facility (Withdrawn 2013) 3. Terminology
E1480Terminology of Facility Management (Buil
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:E1765–07 Designation: E1765 – 11
Standard Practice for
Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to
Multiattribute Decision Analysis of Investments Related to
1
Buildings and Building Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1765; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Section 2 was editorially corrected in January 2009.
INTRODUCTION
Theanalyticalhierarchyprocess(AHP)isoneofasetofmulti-attributedecisionanalysis(MADA)
methods that considers nonmonetary attributes (qualitative and quantitative) in addition to common
economic evaluation measures (such as life-cycle costing or net benefits) when evaluating project
alternatives.Building-relateddecisionsdependinpartonhowcompetingoptionsperformwithrespect
to nonmonetary attributes. This practice complements existing ASTM standards on building
economics by incorporating the existing economic/monetary measures of worth described in those
standards into a more comprehensive standard method of evaluation that includes nonmonetary
(quantitativeandnonquantitative)benefitsandcosts.TheAHPistheMADAmethoddescribedinthis
2
practice. It has three significant strengths: an efficient attribute weighting process of pairwise
comparisons; hierarchical descriptions of attributes, which keep the number of pairwise comparisons
3
manageable; and available software to facilitate its use.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice presents a procedure for calculating and interpretingAHPscores of a project’s total overall desirability when
3
making building-related capital investment decisions.
1.2In addition to monetary benefits and costs, the procedure allows for the consideration of characteristics or attributes which
decision makers regard as important, but which are not readily expressed in monetary terms. Examples of such attributes that
pertain to the selection of a building alternative (and its surroundings) are location/accessibility, site security, maintainability,
quality of the sound and visual environment, and image to the public and occupants.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 on Building
Economics.
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E1765–02. DOI:
10.1520/E1765-07E01.
´1
Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E1765–07 . DOI:
10.1520/E1765-11.
2
For an extensive overview of MADAmethods and a detailed treatment of how to apply two MADAmethods (one of which isAHP) to building-related decisions, see
Norris,G.GA.,andMarshall,H.E., Multiattribute Decision Analysis: Recommended Method for Evaluating Buildings and Building Systems,NationalInstituteofStandards
and Technology, 1995.
3
Thispracticepresentsastand-aloneprocedureforperforminganAHPanalysis.Inaddition,anASTMsoftwareproductforperformingAHPanalyseshasbeendeveloped
to support and facilitate use of this practice. Software to Support ASTM E1765: Standard Practice for Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Multiattribute
Decision Analysis of Investments Related to Buildings and Building Systems, MNL29, ASTM, 1998.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1765 – 11
1.2 In addition to monetary benefits and costs, the procedure allows for the consideration of characteristics or attributes which
decision makers regard as important, but which are not readily expressed in monetary terms. Examples of such attributes that
pertain to the selection of a building alternative (and its surroundings) are location/accessibility, site security, maintainability,
quality of the sound and visual environment, and image to the public and occupants.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E631 Terminology of B
...