ASTM D1366-86(2007)

Standard Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characteristics of Pigments

SCOPE
1.1 This practice for reporting the fineness characteristics of pigments is designed to apply in most cases where well-known methods for determining these particle size characteristics in the subsieve range are employed, such as microscopic, sedimentation, and turbidimetric methods; and partially to absorption and permeability methods.
1.2 Laminar, plate-like pigments and composite pigments having a definite bimodal distribution are not considered within the scope of this practice.
1.3 Parameters—The fineness characteristics are reported in the following three parameters:
1.3.1 Particle Size Parameter
1.3.2 Coarseness Parameter—A parameter descriptive of the coarseness character of the pigment, making use of a limiting value in the subsieve range similar to that used in the sieve ranges.
1.3.3 Dispersion Parameter—A parameter descriptive of the uniformity of the particle size distribution.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2007
• ICS: 19.120 - Particle size analysis. Sieving
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.31 - Pigment Specifications

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1366-86(2003) - Standard Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characteristics of Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Replaced By: ASTM D1366-86(2012) - Standard Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characteristics of Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D4288-02(2019) - Standard Specification for Calcium Borosilicate Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D1648-86(2020) - Standard Specification for Basic Lead Silicochromate Pigment
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D1199-86(2020) - Standard Specification for Calcium Carbonate Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1366 − 86 (Reapproved 2007)
StandardPractice for
Reporting Particle Size Characteristics of Pigments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1366; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice for reporting the fineness characteristics of 3.1 Definitions:
pigments is designed to apply in most cases where well-known
3.1.1 particle size parameter (specific surface diameter,
methods for determining these particle size characteristics in
SSD),n—diameter d used elsewhere in ASTM test methods.
the subsieve range are employed, such as microscopic,
This parameter is the same as that frequently reported as
sedimentation, and turbidimetric methods; and partially to
“Average Particle Size by Surface Mean,” and “Specific
absorption and permeability methods.
Particle Size,” and is defined as follows:
1.2 Laminar, plate-like pigments and composite pigments 3 2
SSD 5 d f/ d f (1)
( (
havingadefinitebimodaldistributionarenotconsideredwithin
where:
the scope of this practice.
SSD = specific surface diameter, µm,
1.3 Parameters—Thefinenesscharacteristicsarereportedin
d = mean class size, µm, and
the following three parameters:
f = frequency.
1.3.1 Particle Size Parameter.
Therefore the SSD is the diameter of a sphere having the
1.3.2 Coarseness Parameter—A parameter descriptive of
specific surface characteristic of the pigment. The true specific
the coarseness character of the pigment, making use of a
surface of all pigments involves a shape factor. Report SSD
limiting value in the subsieve range similar to that used in the
whether or not the effect of shape has been considered in the
sieve ranges.
calculations. Presumably, as the effect of shape is better
1.3.3 Dispersion Parameter—A parameter descriptive of
understood, it will figure more and more in calculations
the uniformity of the particle size distribution.
involving particle size, but in the meantime it will of necessity
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
be ignored in many cases.
problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
3.1.2 coarseness parameter (CP), n—that diameter, ex-
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
pressed in micrometres, below which 99.5 % of the pigment
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
falls.
limitations prior to use.
3.1.3 dispersion parameter (DP), n—the ratio of the mi-
2. Referenced Documents
crometre size within which 50 % of the pigment lies, to the
2.1 ASTM Standards: specific surface diameter, SSD. The larger the DP number, the
E20 Practice for Particle Size Analysis of Particulate Sub-
greater the dispersion parameter and the lower the uniformity.
stances in the Range of 0.2 to 75 Micrometres by Optical Reportthedispersionparameterinallcaseswhenadistribution
Microscopy (Withdrawn 1994)
curve can be prepared from the original data. The dispersion
parameter cannot be calculated from data obtained by absorp-
tion or permeability methods. Determine as follows:
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
3.1.3.1 Prepare a cumulative-size distribution curve on
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
3-phase log paper, using the vertical axis for the percent falling
Subcommittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally below the size indicated, and the horizontal axis (log scale) for
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D1366 – 86 (2003).
diameter in micrometres. Use the upper class limit correspond-
DOI: 10.1520/D1366-86R07.
ing to the cumulative weight percentage. Subtract the mi-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
crometre size at 25 % cumulative weight from the micrometre
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on size at 75 %, and multiply the difference by 100 ÷ SSD,as
the ASTM website.
follows:
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. DP 5 µmat75%2µmat25% / SSD 3100 (2)
~ ! ~ !
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D1366 − 86 (Reapproved 2007)
TABLE 1 Example of Data Sheet for Microscopic Method
Class Limits, µm
Mean Class Cumulative
2 3 2
Frequency,fdfdfd f,%
Size, d Weight, %
Lower Upper
0.25 0.75 0.5 71.4 17.8 8.9 0.007 0.007
0.75 1.25 1.0 50.9 50.9 50.9 0.040 0.047
1.25 1.75 1.5 57.9 130.2 195.4 0.154 0.191
1.75 2.25 2.0 36.9 147.5 295.0 0.233 0.424
2.25 2.75 2.5 41.1 256.8 641.9 0.506 0.93
2.75 3.25 3.0 34.5 310.9 932.7 0.736 1.69
3.25 3.75 3.5 34.5 423.2 1 481.2 1.17 2.86
3.75 4.25 4.0 21.0 336.1 1 344.5 1.06 3.92
4.25 4.75 4.5 42.0 850.8 3 828.8 3.02 6.94
4.75 5.25 5.0 81.2 2 030.8 10 154.0 8.02 14.96
5.25 5.75 5.5 283.8 8 586.3 47 225.0 37.25 52.21
5.75 6.25 6.0 155.9 5 613.4 33 680.0 26.60 78.81
6.25 6.75 6.5 71.0 2 998.1 19 487.9 15.38 94.19
6.75 7.25 7.0 7.9 388.9 2 722.4 2.15 96.34
7.25 7.75 7.5 5.1 288.8 2 166.3 1.71 98.05
7.75 8.25 8.0 4.2 268.9 2 151.4 1.71 99.76
3.25 8.75 8.5 0.5 33.7 286.8 0.23 99.99
Totals 999.8 22 733.1 126 653.1
TABLE 2 Example o
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