ASTM D1366-86(2003)

Standard Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characteristics of Pigments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is of value (1) to the producer of fine particles as a means of reporting particle characteristics with respect to quality control and (2) to the buyer to assure that the particle size and particle size distribution meet his requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice for reporting the fineness characteristics of pigments is designed to apply in most cases where well-known methods for determining these particle size characteristics in the subsieve range are employed, such as microscopic, sedimentation, and turbidimetric methods; and partially to absorption and permeability methods.  
1.2 Laminar, plate-like pigments and composite pigments having a definite bimodal distribution are not considered within the scope of this practice.  
1.3 Parameters—The fineness characteristics are reported in the following three parameters:  
1.3.1 Particle Size Parameter .  
1.3.2 Coarseness Parameter—A parameter descriptive of the coarseness character of the pigment, making use of a limiting value in the subsieve range similar to that used in the sieve ranges.  
1.3.3 Dispersion Parameter -A parameter descriptive of the uniformity of the particle size distribution.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-May-2003
• ICS: 19.120 - Particle size analysis. Sieving
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.31 - Pigment Specifications

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1366-86(1997) - Standard Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characteristics of Pigments
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D1366-86(2007) - Standard Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characteristics of Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D4288-02(2019) - Standard Specification for Calcium Borosilicate Pigments
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D1199-86(2020) - Standard Specification for Calcium Carbonate Pigments
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D1648-86(2020) - Standard Specification for Basic Lead Silicochromate Pigment
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1366–86(Reapproved2003)
Standard Practice for
Reporting Particle Size Characteristics of Pigments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1366; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1 particle size parameter (specific surface diameter,
SSD)—diameter d used elsewhere in ASTM test methods.
1.1 This practice for reporting the fineness characteristics of 3
This parameter is the same as that frequently reported as
pigments is designed to apply in most cases where well-known
“Average Particle Size by Surface Mean,” and “Specific
methods for determining these particle size characteristics in
Particle Size,” and is defined as follows:
the subsieve range are employed, such as microscopic, sedi-
3 2
mentation, and turbidimetric methods; and partially to absorp-
SSD 5 (d f/(d f (1)
tion and permeability methods.
where:
1.2 Laminar, plate-like pigments and composite pigments
SSD = specific surface diameter, µm,
havingadefinitebimodaldistributionarenotconsideredwithin
d = mean class size, µm, and
the scope of this practice.
f = frequency.
1.3 Parameters—The fineness characteristics are reported
Therefore the SSD is the diameter of a sphere having the
in the following three parameters:
specific surface characteristic of the pigment. The true specific
1.3.1 Particle Size Parameter.
surface of all pigments involves a shape factor. Report SSD
1.3.2 Coarseness Parameter—A parameter descriptive of
whether or not the effect of shape has been considered in the
the coarseness character of the pigment, making use of a
calculations. Presumably, as the effect of shape is better
limiting value in the subsieve range similar to that used in the
understood, it will figure more and more in calculations
sieve ranges.
involving particle size, but in the meantime it will of necessity
1.3.3 Dispersion Parameter—A parameter descriptive of
be ignored in many cases.
the uniformity of the particle size distribution.
3.1.2 coarseness parameter (CP)—that diameter, expressed
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
in micrometres, below which 99.5 % of the pigment falls.
problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
3.1.3 dispersion parameter (DP)—the ratio of the microme-
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
tre size within which 50 % of the pigment lies, to the specific
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
surface diameter, SSD. The larger the DP number, the greater
limitations prior to use.
the dispersion parameter and the lower the uniformity. Report
2. Referenced Documents the dispersion parameter in all cases when a distribution curve
can be prepared from the original data. The dispersion param-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
eter cannot be calculated from data obtained by absorption or
E20 Practice for Particle-Size Analysis of Particulate Sub-
permeability methods. Determine as follows:
stances in the Range of 0.2 to 75µmby Optical
2 3.1.3.1 Prepare a cumulative-size distribution curve on
Microscopy
3-phase log paper, using the vertical axis for the percent falling
3. Terminology below the size indicated, and the horizontal axis (log scale) for
diameter in micrometres. Use the upper class limit correspond-
3.1 Definitions:
ing to the cumulative weight percentage. Subtract the mi-
crometre size at 25 % cumulative weight from the micrometre
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
size at 75 %, and multiply the difference by 100 4 SSD,as
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
follows:
Subcommittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications.
CurrenteditionapprovedOct.1,2003.PublishedJune2003.Originallyapproved DP 5~µm at 75 % 2 µm at 25 %!/~SSD! 3 100 (2)
in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 1986 as D 1366 – 86 (1997).
Withdrawn; see 1995 Annual Book of ASTM Standards , Vol 14.02.
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D1366–86 (2003)
TABLE 2 Example of Data Sheet for Sedimentation Method
4. Significance and Use
Class Size
Diameter Class Size Limits
4.1 This practice is of value (1) to the producer of fine Weight %, Cumulative
Diameter, d f
d f Weight, %
particles as a means of reporting particle characteristics with
Lower Upper
d,µm
respect to quality control and (2) to the buyer to assure that the
0.0 0.5 0.25 11.0 44.00 11.0
particle size and particle size distribution meet his require- 0.5 1.0 0.75 10.0 13.33 21.0
1.0 1.5 1.25 10.0 8.00 31.0
ments.
1.5 2.0 1.75 9.0 5.14 40.0
2.0 3.0 2.50 15.0 6.00 55.0
5. Procedure
3.0 4.0 3.50 9.5 2.71 64.5
4.0 5.0 4.50 8.5 1.89 73.0
5.1 Particle Size by Microscopical Methods—Procedures
5.0 7.5 6.25 12.5 2.00 85.5
for determining particle size by microscopical methods are
7.5 10.0 8.75 8.0 0.91 93.5
10.0 15.0 12.50 5.3 0.42 98.8
described in Practice E20. When microscopical methods are
15.0 20.0 17.50 1.2 0.07 100.0
employed, report the data in tabular form similar to that shown
20.0 30.0 25.00 0.0 0.00
in Table 1.
Totals 100.0
...