ASTM D5035-06(2008)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The raveled strip test in this test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of woven textile fabrics because the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. The same is true for the cut strip test for felted or nonwoven textile fabrics.
If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. At a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
The method is not recommended for knitted fabrics because of their high stretch.
Some modification of the techniques may be necessary for any fabric having a strength in excess of 200 N/cm (1140 lbf/in.) width. Special precautionary measures are provided for use when necessary with strong fabrics, or fabrics made from glass fibers (see Specification D 579), to prevent them from slipping in the clamps or being damaged as a result of being gripped in the clamps.
All of the procedures are applicable for testing fabrics either conditioned or wet.
Comparison of results from tensile testing machines operating on different principles is not recommended. When different types of machines are used for comparison testing, constant time-to-break at 20± 3 s is the established way of producing data. Even then the data may differ significantly.
Althou...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers raveled strip and cut strip test procedures for determining the breaking force and elongation of most textile fabrics. Provision is made for wet testing.
1.1.1 The raveled strip test is applicable to woven fabrics while the cut strip test is applicable to nonwoven fabrics, felted fabrics, and dipped or coated fabrics.
1.2 This test method is not recommended for knitted fabrics or for other textile fabrics which have high stretch (more than 11 %).
Note 1—For the determination of the breaking force and elongation of textile fabrics using the grab test and modified grab test procedures, refer to Test Method D 5034.
Note 2—For determination of the breaking force and elongation of some specific types of fabrics which use the strip test, refer to Specifications D 579 and D 580.
1.3 This test method shows the values in both inch-pound units and SI units. Inch-pound units is the technically correct name for the customary units used in the United States. SI units is the technically correct name for the system of metric units known as the International System of Units. The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining in any way.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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´1
Designation:D5035–06 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5035; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made in October 2008.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers raveled strip and cut strip test 2.1 ASTM Standards:
procedures for determining the breaking force and elongation D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
of most textile fabrics. Provision is made for wet testing. D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
1.1.1 The raveled strip test is applicable to woven fabrics D579 Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics
while the cut strip test is applicable to nonwoven fabrics, felted D580 Specification for Greige Woven Glass Tapes and
fabrics, and dipped or coated fabrics. Webbings
1.2 This test method is not recommended for knitted fabrics D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
or for other textile fabrics which have high stretch (more than D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
11 %). D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
Related Properties of Textiles
NOTE 1—For the determination of the breaking force and elongation of
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
textile fabrics using the grab test and modified grab test procedures, refer
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
to Test Method D5034.
Methods
NOTE 2—For determination of the breaking force and elongation of
some specific types of fabrics which use the strip test, refer to Specifica-
D5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation
tions D579 and D580.
of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
1.3 This test method shows the values in both inch-pound
3. Terminology
units and SI units. Inch-pound units is the technically correct
3.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method:
nameforthecustomaryunitsusedintheUnitedStates.SIunits
breaking force, elongation, tensile test, refer to Terminology
is the technically correct name for the system of metric units
D4848.
known as the International System of Units. The values stated
3.2 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method:
in either acceptable metric units or in other units shall be
constant-rate-of-extension, constant rate of load, constant rate
regarded separately as standard. The values expressed in each
of traverse, refer to Terminology D4849.
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
3.3 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method:
must be used independently of the other, without combining in
cut strip test, raveled strip test, strip test, refer to Terminology
any way.
D4850.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.4 For other textile terms used in this test method, refer to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Terminology D123.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 A test specimen is clamped in a tensile testing machine
and a force applied to the specimen until it breaks. Values for
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
the breaking force and elongation of the test specimen are
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
Specific.
Current edition approved June 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Replaces strip For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
testing sections, Sections 17 through 20, of Test Method D1682. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5035 – 06. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5035-06R08E01. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
´1
D5035–06 (2008)
obtained from machine scales, dials, autographic recording 5.5 Comparison of results from tensile testing machines
charts, or a computer interfaced with the testing machine. operating on different principles is not recommended. When
4.2 This test method describes procedures for carrying out different types of machines are used for comparison testing,
fabric tensile tests using four types of specimen, and three constant time-to-break at 206 3 s is the established way of
alternative types of testing machines. For reporting, use the producing data. Even then the data may differ significantly.
following system to identify specific specimen and machine 5.6 Although a constant-rate-of-extension tensile testing
combinations. machine is preferred in these methods, in cases of dispute,
4.2.1 Type of specimen: unlessthereisagreementtothecontrarybetweenthepurchaser
4.2.1.1 1R—25 mm (1.0 in.) raveled strip test and supplier, a constant-time-to-break (20 6 3 s) is to be used.
4.2.1.2 2R—50 mm (2.0 in.) raveled strip test 5.7 The raveled strip procedure is applicable to the deter-
4.2.1.3 1C—25 mm (1.0 in.) cut strip test mination of the force required to break a specific width of
4.2.1.4 2C—50 mm (2.0 in.) cut strip test fabric. The breaking force information on woven fabrics is
4.2.2 Type of tensile testing machine: particularly useful for comparison of the effective strength of
4.2.2.1 E—constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) the yarns in the fabric with the combined strength of an equal
4.2.2.2 L—constant-rate-of-load (CRL) number of the same yarns which are not woven.The procedure
4.2.2.3 T—constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) is not recommended for fabrics having fewer than 20 yarns
4.2.3 Possible combinations can be identified as follows: across the width of the specimen. If a 20-yarns-per-specimen
width cannot be obtained with a 25-mm (1-in.) strip, a 50-mm
Type of Tester
(2-in.) strip should be used. In general, the observed force for
Constant-Rate- Constant-Rate- Constant-Rate-
a 50-mm (2-in.) specimen is not double the observed force for
Test Specimen of-Extension of-Load of-Traverse
a 25-mm (1-in.) specimen and the results should be reported as
25-mm (1-in.) raveled strip 1R-E 1R-L 1R-T
50-mm (2-in.) raveled strip 2R-E 2R-L 2R-T observed on a 50-mm (2-in.) strip without mathematical
25-mm (1-in.) cut strip 1C-E 1C-L 1C-T
adjustment to 25 mm (1 in.). If a fabric cannot be raveled
50-mm (2-in.) cut strip 2C-E 2C-L 2C-T
readily, use either a cut strip or grab procedure.
4.2.3.1 For example, 1R-E refers to a 25-mm (1-in.) raveled
5.8 The cut strip procedure is applicable to heavily fulled
strip test carried out on a constant-rate-of-extension tensile
fabrics, woven fabrics that cannot be readily raveled, felted
testing machine.
fabrics and nonwoven fabrics. This procedure is not recom-
mended for fabrics which can be raveled because the yarns at
5. Significance and Use
the edges tend to unravel during testing. The recommendation
5.1 The raveled strip test in this test method is considered
regarding the minimum number of yarns in a woven specimen
satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of
discussed in 5.7 for raveled strips applies equally to cut strips.
woven textile fabrics because the method has been used
6. Apparatus, Reagents, and Materials
extensivelyinthetradeforacceptancetesting.Thesameistrue
for the cut strip test for felted or nonwoven textile fabrics.
6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, of the CRE, CRL, or CRTtype
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
conforming to Specification D76, with respect to force indica-
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
tion, working range, capacity, and elongation indicator and
comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a
designed for operation at a speed of 300 6 10 mm/min (12 6
statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-
0.5 in./min); or, a variable speed drive, change gears, or
tance. At a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative
interchangeable loads as required to obtain the 20 6 3s
test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same
time-to-break (see 5.5 and 5.6).
lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results
6.2 Clamps and Jaw Faces—Eachjawfaceshallbesmooth,
during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers
flat,andwithametallicorotheragreeduponsurface.Thefaces
to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories
shall be parallel and have machining centers with respect to
involved should be compared using a statistical test for
one another in the same clamp and to the corresponding jaw
unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing
face of the other clamp.
series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and
6.2.1 For all strip tests or for narrow fabrics and tapes being
corrected, or future test results for that material must be
tested full width, each jaw face shall measure at least 10 mm
adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
(0.5 in.) wider than the specimen being tested and at least 25
5.2 The method is not recommended for knitted fabrics
mm (1.0 in.) in the direction of the applied force.
because of their high stretch.
6.3 Metal Clamp, auxiliary, weighing 170 g (6.0 oz) with
5.3 Some modification of the techniques may be necessary
100-mm (4-in.) width anvils.
for any fabric having a strength in excess of 200 N/cm (1140
6.4 Distilled Water, for wet testing.
lbf/in.) width. Special precautionary measures are provided for
6.5 Nonionic Wetting Agent, for wet testing.
use when necessary with strong fabrics, or fabrics made from
6.6 Container, for wetting out specimens.
glass fibers (see Specification D579), to prevent them from
6.7 Standard fabrics , for use in verification of apparatus.
slipping in the clamps or being damaged as a result of being
(See Annex A1.)
gripped in the clamps.
5.4 All of the procedures are applicable for testing fabrics
either conditioned or wet. Apparatus and accessories are commercially available.
´1
D5035–06 (2008)
atmosphere for testing textiles for a reasonable period of time before the
6.8 Pins, stainless-steel, 10-mm ( ⁄8-in.) diameter by 125
specimens are tested. As a guide, the following conditioning periods are
mm (5 in.) long, two required if used.
suggested:
Minimum Condi-
7. Sampling
tioning Period,
Fiber h
7.1 Lot Sample—Take a lot sample as directed in the
applicable material specification. In the absence of such a
Animal Fibers (for example, wool and regenerated proteins) 8
Vegetable Fibers (for example, cotton) 6
specification randomly select the rolls or pieces that constitute
Viscose 8
the lot sample using the following schedule:
Acetate 4
Number of Rolls, Pieces in Number of Rolls or Pieces in Fibers having a regain less than 5 % at 65 % relative 2
Lot, Inclusive Lot Sample humidity
1to3 All
8.2 For Wet Testing:
4to24 4
8.2.1 Specimens to be tested in the wet condition shall be
25 to 50 5
immersedinwateratroomtemperatureuntilthoroughlywetted
Over 50 10 % to a maximum of 10 of the rolls
or pieces
(Note6).Tothoroughlywetaspecimen,itmaybenecessaryto
add not more than 0.05 % of a nonionic wetting agent to the
NOTE 3—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
water.Atest of any specimen shall be completed within 2 min
purchaserandsupplierrequirestakingintoaccountthevariabilitybetween
rolls of fabric and between specimens from a swatch from a roll of fabric
after its removal from the water.
to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s
NOTE 6—The material has been thoroughly wet out when it has been
risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
determined that additional immersion time does not produce any addi-
7.2 Laboratory Sample—From each roll or piece of fabric
tional changes in breaking strength of test specimens. This method of
taken from the lot sample, cut at least one laboratory sample
determination must be used in cases of dispute; however, for routine
testing in the laboratory, it may be sufficient to immerse the material 1 h.
the full width of the fabric and1m(1yd) along the selvage
(machine direction).
8.2.2 Theproceduresinthistestmethodshouldbeusedwith
caution when testing fabrics that do not wet out uniformly and
NOTE 4—Results obtained on small hand samples or swatches can only
thoroughly because of the presence of sizing, oil, protective
beconsideredasrepresentativeofthesampleswatchsubmittedandcannot
be assumed to be representative of the fabric piece from which the hand coatings, or water repellents.
sample or swatch was taken.
8.2.3 When the strength of wet specimens without sizing,
water repellents, etc. is required, before preparing the test
7.3 Test Specimens—Fromeachlaboratorysample,takefive
specimens,treatthematerialasdirectedinTestMethodsD629,
specimens from the warp (machine) direction and eight speci-
using appropriate de-sizing, etc. procedures, that will not affect
mens from the filling (cross) direction (if tested) for each
the normal physical properties of the fabric.
testing condition.
7.3.1 Testing conditions include the following:
9. Preparation of Specimens
7.3.1.1 Warp or Machine Direction—Standard conditions
9.1 General:
for testing textiles,
9.1.1 Cut specimens with their long dimensions parallel
7.3.1.2 Warp or Machine Direction—Wet at 21°C (70°F),
either to the warp (machine) direction or to the filling (cross)
7.3.1.3 Filling or Cross Direction—Standard conditions for
direction, or cut specimens for testing both directions as
testing textiles, and
required. Preferably, specimens for a given fabric direction
7.3.1.4 Filling or Cross Direction—Wet at 21°C (70°F).
should be spaced along a diagonal of the fabric to allow for
7.3.2 When using the constant-time-to-break technique and
representation of different warp and filling yarns, or machine
unfamiliar fabrics, prepare two or three extra specimens to
and cross direction areas, in each specimen. When possible,
establish the proper rate of loading (speed for testing).
filling specimens should contain yarn from widely separated
filling areas. Unless otherwise specified, take specimens no
8. Conditioning
nearer to the selvage or edge of the fabric than one tenth of the
8.1 For Conditioned Testing:
width of the fabric (see 7.3.2).
8.1.1 If the sampl
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D5035–06 Designation:D5035–06 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5035; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made in October 2008.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers raveled strip and cut strip test procedures for determining the breaking force and elongation of most
textile fabrics. Provision is made for wet testing.
1.1.1 The raveled strip test is applicable to woven fabrics while the cut strip test is applicable to nonwoven fabrics, felted
fabrics, and dipped or coated fabrics.
1.2 This test method is not recommended for knitted fabrics or for other textile fabrics which have high stretch (more than
11 %).
NOTE 1—For the determination of the breaking force and elongation of textile fabrics using the grab test and modified grab test procedures, refer to
Test Method D 5034.
NOTE 2—For determination of the breaking force and elongation of some specific types of fabrics which use the strip test, refer to Specifications D 579
and D 580.
1.3 This test method shows the values in both inch-pound units and SI units. Inch-pound units is the technically correct name
for the customary units used in the United States. SI units is the technically correct name for the system of metric units known
astheInternationalSystemofUnits.Thevaluesstatedineitheracceptablemetricunitsorinotherunitsshallberegardedseparately
as standard.The values expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently
of the other, without combining in any way.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 579 Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics
D 580 Specification for Greige Woven Glass Tapes and Webbings
D 629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D 4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles
D 4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
D 4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
D 5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
3. Terminology
3.1 Fordefinitionsoftextiletermsusedinthistestmethod:breakingforce,elongation,tensiletest,refertoTerminologyD 4848.
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextilesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD13.60onFabricTestMethods,Specific.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2006.June 1, 2008. Published February 2006.October 2008. Replaces strip testing sections, Sections 17 through 20, of Test Method
D 1682. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20032006 as D5035–95(2003). D 5035 – 06.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
´1
D5035–06 (2008)
3.2 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method: constant-rate-of-extension, constant rate of load, constant rate of
traverse, refer to Terminology D 4849.
3.3 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method: cut strip test, raveled strip test, strip test, refer to Terminology
D 4850.
3.4 For other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A test specimen is clamped in a tensile testing machine and a force applied to the specimen until it breaks. Values for the
breaking force and elongation of the test specimen are obtained from machine scales, dials, autographic recording charts, or a
computer interfaced with the testing machine.
4.2 Thistestmethoddescribesproceduresforcarryingoutfabrictensiletestsusingfourtypesofspecimen,andthreealternative
types of testing machines. For reporting, use the following system to identify specific specimen and machine combinations.
4.2.1 Type of specimen:
4.2.1.1 1R—25 mm (1.0 in.) raveled strip test
4.2.1.2 2R—50 mm (2.0 in.) raveled strip test
4.2.1.3 1C—25 mm (1.0 in.) cut strip test
4.2.1.4 2C—50 mm (2.0 in.) cut strip test
4.2.2 Type of tensile testing machine :
4.2.2.1 E—constant-rate-of-extension (CRE)
4.2.2.2 L—constant-rate-of-load (CRL)
4.2.2.3 T—constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT)
4.2.3 Possible combinations can be identified as follows:
Type of Tester
Constant-Rate- Constant-Rate- Constant-Rate-
Test Specimen of-Extension of-Load of-Traverse
25-mm (1-in.) raveled strip 1R-E 1R-L 1R-T
50-mm (2-in.) raveled strip 2R-E 2R-L 2R-T
25-mm (1-in.) cut strip 1C-E 1C-L 1C-T
50-mm (2-in.) cut strip 2C-E 2C-L 2C-T
4.2.3.1 For example, 1R-E refers to a 25-mm (1-in.) raveled strip test carried out on a constant-rate-of-extension tensile testing
machine.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Theraveledstriptestinthistestmethodisconsideredsatisfactoryforacceptancetestingofcommercialshipmentsofwoven
textile fabrics because the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. The same is true for the cut strip
test for felted or nonwoven textile fabrics.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative
test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. At a
minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material
as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory.
The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level
chosenpriortothetestingseries.Ifbiasisfound,eitheritscausemustbefoundandcorrected,orfuturetestresultsforthatmaterial
must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.2 The method is not recommended for knitted fabrics because of their high stretch.
5.3 Some modification of the techniques may be necessary for any fabric having a strength in excess of 200 N/cm (1140 lbf/in.)
width. Special precautionary measures are provided for use when necessary with strong fabrics, or fabrics made from glass fibers
(seeSpecificationD 579),topreventthemfromslippingintheclampsorbeingdamagedasaresultofbeinggrippedintheclamps.
5.4 All of the procedures are applicable for testing fabrics either conditioned or wet.
5.5 Comparison of results from tensile testing machines operating on different principles is not recommended. When different
types of machines are used for comparison testing, constant time-to-break at 206 3 s is the established way of producing data.
Even then the data may differ significantly.
5.6 Although a constant-rate-of-extension tensile testing machine is preferred in these methods, in cases of dispute, unless there
is agreement to the contrary between the purchaser and supplier, a constant-time-to-break (20 6 3 s) is to be used.
5.7 The raveled strip procedure is applicable to the determination of the force required to break a specific width of fabric. The
breakingforceinformationonwovenfabricsisparticularlyusefulforcomparisonoftheeffectivestrengthoftheyarnsinthefabric
with the combined strength of an equal number of the same yarns which are not woven. The procedure is not recommended for
fabrics having fewer than 20 yarns across the width of the specimen. If a 20-yarns-per-specimen width cannot be obtained with
a 25-mm (1-in.) strip, a 50-mm (2-in.) strip should be used. In general, the observed force for a 50-mm (2-in.) specimen is not
double the observed force for a 25-mm (1-in.) specimen and the results should be reported as observed on a 50-mm (2-in.) strip
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D5035–06 (2008)
without mathematical adjustment to 25 mm (1 in.). If a fabric cannot be raveled readily, use either a cut strip or grab procedure.
5.8 The cut strip procedure is applicable to heavily fulled fabrics, woven fabrics that cannot be readily raveled, felted fabrics
and nonwoven fabrics. This procedure is not recommended for fabrics which can be raveled because the yarns at the edges tend
to unravel during testing. The recommendation regarding the minimum number of yarns in a woven specimen discussed in 5.7 for
raveled strips applies equally to cut strips.
6. Apparatus, Reagents, and Materials
6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, of the CRE, CRL, or CRT type conforming to Specification D 76, with respect to force indication,
working range, capacity, and elongation indicator and designed for operation at a speed of 300 6 10 mm/min (12 6 0.5 in./min);
or, a variable speed drive, change gears, or interchangeable loads as required to obtain the 20 6 3 s time-to-break (see 5.5 and
5.6).
6.2 Clamps and Jaw Faces—Each jaw face shall be smooth, flat, and with a metallic or other agreed upon surface. The faces
shall be parallel and have machining centers with respect to one another in the same clamp and to the corresponding jaw face of
the other clamp.
6.2.1 For all strip tests or for narrow fabrics and tapes being tested full width, each jaw face shall measure at least 10 mm (0.5
in.) wider than the specimen being tested and at least 25 mm (1.0 in.) in the direction of the applied force.
6.3 Metal Clamp, auxiliary, weighing 170 g (6.0 oz) with 100-mm (4-in.) width anvils.
6.4 Distilled Water, for wet testing.
6.5 Nonionic Wetting Agent, for wet testing.
6.6 Container, for wetting out specimens.
6.7 Standard fabrics, for use in verification of apparatus. (See , for use in verification of apparatus. (See Annex A1.)
6.8 Pins, stainless-steel, 10-mm ( ⁄8-in.) diameter by 125 mm (5 in.) long, two required if used.
7. Sampling
7.1 Lot Sample—Take a lot sample as directed in the applicable material specification. In the absence of such a specification
randomly select the rolls or pieces that constitute the lot sample using the following schedule:
Number of Rolls, Pieces in Number of Rolls or Pieces in
Lot, Inclusive Lot Sample
1to3 All
4to24 4
25 to 50 5
Over 50 10 % to a maximum of 10 of the rolls
or pieces
NOTE 3—An adequate specification or other agreement between the purchaser and supplier requires taking into account the variability between rolls
of fabric and between specimens from a swatch from a roll of fabric to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk,
acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
7.2 Laboratory Sample—From each roll or piece of fabric taken from the lot sample, cut at least one laboratory sample the full
width of the fabric and1m(1yd) along the selvage (machine direction).
NOTE 4—Results obtained on small hand samples or swatches can only be considered as representative of the sample swatch submitted and cannot be
assumed to be representative of the fabric piece from which the hand sample or swatch was taken.
7.3 Test Specimens—Fromeachlaboratorysample,takefivespecimensfromthewarp(machine)directionandeightspecimens
from the filling (cross) direction (if tested) for each testing condition.
7.3.1 Testing conditions include the following:
7.3.1.1 Warp or Machine Direction—Standard conditions for testing textiles,
7.3.1.2 Warp or Machine Direction—Wet at 21°C (70°F),
7.3.1.3 Filling or Cross Direction —Standard conditions for testing textiles, and
7.3.1.4 Filling or Cross Direction —Wet at 21°C (70°F).
7.3.2 When using the constant-time-to-break technique and unfamiliar fabrics, prepare two or three extra specimens to establish
the proper rate of loading (speed for testing).
8. Conditioning
8.1 For Conditioned Testing:
8.1.1 If the samples have a higher moisture content than the moisture present when at equilibrium in the standard atmosphere
for testing textiles, precondition as directed in Practice D 1776.
8.1.2 Bring samples to moisture equilibrium in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles as directed in Practice D 1776.
Equilibrium is considered to have been reached when the increase in mass of the specimen in successive weighings made at
Plain weave and sateen standard fabrics are available from Test Fabrics, Inc., P.O. Drawer O, Middlesex, NJ 08846.
Apparatus and accessories are commercially available.
´1
D5035–06 (2008)
intervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0.1 % of the mass of the specimen.
NOTE 5—It is recognized that, in practice, materials are frequently not weighed to determine when moisture equilibrium has been reached. While
conditioningforafixedtimecannotbeacceptedincasesofdispute,itmaybesufficientinroutinetestingtoexposethematerialtothestandardatmosphere
for testing textiles for a reasonable period of time before the specimens are tested. As a guide, the following conditioning periods are suggested:
Minimum Condi-
tioning Period,
Fiber h
Animal Fibers (for example, wool and regenerated proteins) 8
Vegetable Fibers (for example, cotton) 6
Viscose 8
Acetate 4
Fibers having a regain less than 5 % at 65 % relative 2
humidity
8.2 For Wet Testing:
8.2.1 Specimens to be tested in the wet condition shall be immersed in water at room temperature until thoroughly wetted (Note
6). To thoroughly wet a specimen, it may be necessary to add not more than 0.05 % of a nonionic wetting agent to the water. A
test of any specimen shall be completed within 2 min after its removal from the water.
NOTE 6—The material has been thoroughly wet out when it has been determined that additional immersion time does not produce any additional
changes in breaking strength of test specimens. This method of d
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