ASTM E929-83(2009)

Standard Test Method for Measuring Electrical Energy Requirements of Processing Equipment (Withdrawn 2014)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This method is used to document the ability of solid waste resource recovery separators to concentrate or classify a particular component (or components) present in solid waste.
The purity determined in this way is used to calculate the recovery achieved by a separator as another measure of its performance, according to Test Method E1108.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the composition of a materials stream in a solid waste resource recovery processing facility. The composition is determined with respect to one or more defined components. The results are used for determining the purity resulting from the operation of one or more separators, and in conjunction with Test Method E1108 used to measure the efficiency of a materials separation device.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard statements, see Section 7.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the determination of the energy and power requirements of processing equipment using an electrical metering system.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D34 on Waste Management, this test method was withdrawn in May 2014. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2009
• Withdrawal Date: 20-May-2014
• ICS: 03.100.50 - Production. Production management
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E929-83(2005) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Electrical Energy Requirements of Processing Equipment
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D5681-22e1 - Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E959-83(2018) - Standard Test Method for Characterizing the Performance of Refuse Size-Reduction Equipment
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E929 − 83(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Electrical Energy Requirements of Processing
Equipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E929; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.4 gross energy— energy usage of a piece of equipment
operating under loaded conditions as measured using an
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the energy
electrical metering system.
and power requirements of processing equipment using an
electrical metering system. 2.5 gross power— power requirement of a piece of equip-
ment under loaded conditions.
1.2 This test method can be used to measure energy and
power requirements of processing equipment driven by an 2.6 loaded condition— equipment doing processing work
electrical motor operating on alternating current. on solids, liquids, or gases, or all of these, (for example,
moving material, changing its characteristics, or separating it
1.3 This test method includes instructions for installation
into different streams).
and checkout of the energy metering system, procedures for
measuring and recording energy usage, and methods for 2.7 net power—the difference between gross power and
calculating the average gross power, average freewheeling freewheeling power; net power is the power required for
power, and average net power requirements of processing processing.
equipment.
2.8 specific energy— energy consumption expressed on the
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as basis of unit mass of throughput.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
2.9 unloaded condition—equipment not doing processing
standard.
work (for example, moving, changing the characteristics of, or
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
separating materials), but operating in a freewheeling, or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
idling, condition.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard 3.1 An electrical metering system is installed and checked.
statements, see Section 6.
3.2 Themeteringinstrumentationandprocessingequipment
is allowed to warmup.
2. Terminology Definitions
3.3 Usingtheelectricalmeteringsystem,theenergyusedby
2.1 electrical metering system—a system composed of cur-
the processing equipment under no-load and loaded conditions
rent and potential transformers and a wattmeter electrically
is measured and recorded.
connected in such a manner so as to measure the energy usage
3.4 The average gross power, average freewheeling power,
of a piece of equipment driven by an electric motor.
andaveragenetpowerrequiredbytheequipmentiscalculated.
2.2 freewheeling condition—a piece of equipment under an
4. Significance and Use
unloaded condition wherein the electrical energy is dissipated
due to friction and windage.
4.1 Energy usage and power requirements of processing
equipment are important from the standpoint of determining if
2.3 freewheeling power—power requirement of a piece of
equipment is operating within specification and meeting per-
equipment under unloaded, or freewheeling, conditions.
formance criteria.
4.2 Havingdeterminedtheenergyusageandpowerrequire-
ments of the processing equipment using this method, specific
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D34 on Waste
ManagementandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD34.03onTreatment,
energy may be calculated, with the use of system throughput,
Recovery and Reuse.
and used as one criterion to compare the performance of
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originally
similar pieces of equipment operating under similar operating
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E929-83(2005). DOI:
10.1520/E0929-83R09. conditions.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E929 − 83 (2009)
4.3 Measurements of energy usage can be used for the 8. Procedure
purposeofidentifyinginefficientelectricalmotorsandprocess-
8.1 Meter Installation:
ing equipment.
8.1.1 For the piece of equipment to be tested, determine the
type of electrical service (for example, single-phase two-wire,
5. Apparatus
three-phase three-wire), voltage requirements, full load power,
5.1 Calibrated Watthour Meter.
and current rating of the motor from the motor nameplate or
5.2 Volt-Ammeter. manufacturer’s specifications. For the purpose of meter selec-
tion and installation, it can be assumed that 1 hp=1 kW=1
5.3 Stopwatch, accurate to 0.1 s.
kVA. Select the metering system that is compatible with the
5.4 Incandescent Lamps, for use as a known load.
type of electrical service and with the load on the motor.
5.5 Current Transformers (CTs). 8.1.1.1 Self-contained single phase watthour meter can be
used when the load is less than 48 kVA.
5.6 Potential (Voltage) Transformers (PTs).
8.1.1.2 Self-contained polyphase meters can be used when
the load is less than 96 kVA (except 480 V delta).
6. Hazards
8.1.1.3 Above 48 or 96 kVA, respectively, for single and
6.1 Wheninstallingmeteringequipmentalwaysde-energize
polyphase loads, use transformer type watthour meters.
the load side of the processing equipment by locking out the
8.1.2 For any meter installation, do not exceed the meter’s
main switch on the electrical control panel.
overload capability listed as follows:
6.2 Dangerous high voltage results from open current trans-
8.1.2.1 Class 10—Nominal 2.5-A meter, 10-A overload
formersecondaries.Therefore,toavoidequipmentdamageand
capability.
electrical shock, use circuit-closing devices or equipment to
8.1.2.2 Class 20—Nominal 2.5-A meter, 20-A overload
short circuit the secondaries of current transformers.
capability.
6.3 Always observe the polarity markings of current and 8.1.2.3 Class 60—Nominal 15-A meter, 60-A overload ca-
potential transformers during their installations to ensure
pability.
proper connection of the metering equipment. These polarity
8.1.2.4 Class 100—Nominal 15-A meter, 100-A overload
markings are usually denoted on the transformers as white
capability.
dots, blocks, or “HX” marks.
8.1.2.5 Class 200—Nominal 30-A meter, 200-A overload
capability.
6.4 Closely observe polarities, and check connections of
8.1.2.6 Class 320—Nominal 50-A meter, 320-A overload
instrument transformers to the watthour meter.
capability.
7. Equipment Calibration
8.1.3 Instrument Transformers—For meter installations re-
quiring instrument transformers (that is, when the primary
7.1 Calibrate all meters and instrument transformers used
current or voltage, or both, exceed the operating specifications
for energy measurements in accordance with standard practice
2,3,4,5
of the watthour meter), use current and potential (voltage)
of calibration. The accuracy of the meters and trans
transformers. Select current and potential transformers with an
formers shall be duly noted on the Electrical Metering Service
accuracy class rating of 0.3 (0.3%) and compatibility with the
Installation Form, see Fig. 1.
primary electrical service. If transformers with an accuracy
class of 0.3 are not available, substitute another accuracy class
Meter and Instrument Transformer Application Guide, 5th Edition, Westing-
and note on the Electrical Metering System Installation Form
house Electric Company, Raleigh, NC.
(Fig. 1).
Metermen’s Handbook, Duncan Electric Company, Lafayette, IN, No. 5M,
8.1.4 Current Transformers—Calculate the current trans-
April 1976.
Electrical Metermen’s Handbook, Edison Electric Institute, New York, NY. former ratio (CTR) using the following definition.
Guide for Installing General Electric Watthour Meters, General Electric
CTR 5 PrimaryCurrent/WatthourMeterNominalCurrentRating(1)
Company, Somersworth, NH, April 1976.
Watthour Meter Serial No. Type Class K Accuracy Date Calibrated
h
Current Transformer Serial No. Type Ratio Accuracy Class Date Calibrated
Potential Transformer Serial No. Type Ratio Accuracy Class Date Calibrated
FIG. 1 Electrical Metering System Installation Form
E929 − 83 (2009)
Generally, current transformer ratios are denoted such that aftertheconclusionoftheloadtests,takeandrecordthreefinal
the secondary current will be 5 amperes when rated amperes disk timings of ten revolutions each.An Energy Measurement
are flowing in the primary circuit. Data Sheet for recording the freewheeling energy measure-
8.1.5 Potential Transformers —Potential transformers are ments is given in Fig. 2. The freewheeling power calculations
are described in Section 9.
used with watthour meters where the primary circuit voltage
exceeds the rating of the meter, generally above 480 V and 8.3.4 Determine the gross energy usage (E ) of the equip-
g
frequently above 240 V. The potential transformer ratio (PTR)
ment undergoing testing by calculating the difference in the
can be calculated using the following definition. registerreadingsorbycountingthenumberofdiskrevolutions
of the watthour meter while operating the processing equip-
PTR 5 PrimaryVoltage/WatthourMeterNominalVoltageRating(2)
ment under loaded conditions for a suitable measuring period.
8.1.6 Phase relations will be retained if the polarity mark-
Asuitablemeasuringperiodconsistsofatimespanthatislong
ings are observed and the current in the potential circuit is
enough to attain at least one disk revolution or at least one
consideredtoflowinontheprimaryterminalpolaritymarkand
complete rotation of the least significant register dial, which-
out on the corresponding secondary terminal polarity mark.
ever applies to the particular test situation.
8.1.7 The Electrical Metering Service Installation Form
8.3.5 An Energy Measurement Data Sheet for recording the
(Fig. 1) is recommended for documenting the equipment used
measured data from the tests conducted under loaded condi-
for the test.
tionsisgiveninFig.2.Thecalculationsfordeterminingpower
8.1.8 Mount instrument transformers and watthour meters
demand under loaded conditions are described in Section 9.
in an upright position and in a area free from heavy vibration.
8.3.6 Alternative Procedure for Constant Load Power
Measurements—If the processing equipment exhibits a con-
8.2 Checking Meter Installation:
stant load as evidenced by power fluctuations of less than
8.2.1 Check meter installations for correct connections as
610% of the average reading (that is, as may be the case for
soon as the wiring is completed. For installation of self-
a conveyor or blower, etc.), a clamp-on wattmeter, an analog
contained watthour meters this is comparatively simple. It is
wattmeter, or recording wattmeter can be used to measure
only necessary to see that line and load wires, and potential
power if the metering equipment and electrical service can be
taps where required, are connected to the proper points. A
made compatible with one another. For this procedure, power
quick check on the operation under load conditions may be
measurements for both unloaded (freewheeling) and loaded
made to see that the meter is rotating in the proper direction
conditions should be made in sufficient numbers so that a
and at approximately the right speed.
reliable average reading can be calculated. The power require-
8.2.2 Where instrument transformers are used, the installa-
ment is read directly from the instrument. The measurements
tion is more liable to incorrect connections and should,
may be recorded on the Gross and Net Power Data Sheet, Fig.
therefore, be checked carefully. It is possible to have incorrect
3.
registration even with proper connections, due to a wrong
transformer polarity marking, a reversed meter coil, incorrect
9. Calculation
transformer ratio marking, etc. It is generally not possible to
completely check all of these items in the field; however, by
9.1 Average Freewheeling Power Requirements:
making several of the tests listed in Annex A1, it will be
9.1.1 Calculate freewheeling power (P ), in kilowatts, as
fw
possible to determine most of the inconsistencies or incorrect
follows:
connections that might occur.
P 5 600 ~Kh!~CTR!~PTR!/t (3)
fw
8.3 Measurements:
where:
8.3.1 After installation and check-out of the energy meter-
ing equipment, measure and record the energy used by the Kh = disk constant of the watthour meter (kWh/disk
equipment under no-load and loaded conditions in order to revolution),
CTR = current transformer ratio,
determinetheaveragegrossandfreewheelpowerrequirements
PTR = potential transformer ratio, and
of the equipment.
t = time duration for 10 disk revolutions (minutes).
8.3.2 Determine the average freewheeling power of the
equipment to be tested by measuring the energy usage of the
9.1.2 Averagethethreeinitialfreewheelingpowermeasure-
motor under no-load conditions over a specified time interval.
ments and the three final measurements to give the average
After a suitable warm-up period, time ten disk revolutions to
initial freewheeling power (P¯ ) and final freewheeling power
fw
i
establish the freewheel energy usage at the beginning and end
(P¯ ).Then average the average values (P¯ and P¯ ) and use
fw fw fw
f i f
of the test. Prior to taking the first measurement for determin-
as the average freewheeling power requirement P¯ of the
fw
ing the freewheel energy usage, take two preliminary free-
equipment corresponding to the interval of gross energy
wheel energy measurements (10 disk revolutions) approxi-
measurement. Record the average value for the freewheeling
mately 5 min apart. If the preliminary readings differ by more
power in the column titled “Average Freewheel Power” of the
than 10% or more, extend the warm-up period until two
Gross and Net Power Data Sheet (see Fig. 3).
consecutive preliminary measurements fall within 10% of one
9.1.3 Calculate average initial freewheel power (P¯ )as
fw
i
another.
follows:
8.3.3 After the suitable warm-up period, take and record
¯
P 5 P 1P 1P /3 (4)
~ !
three initial disk timings of ten revolutions each. Likewise, fw fw fw fw
i a b c
E929 − 83 (2009)
CTR: ___ PTR: ___
Watthour Meter Reading
Test No. Time Interval (Min) Disk Revolutions (n) Kh (kWh/rev.) Gross Energy (kWh)
Initial (kWh) Final (kWh)
Loaded Condition
No-load Condition
(Freewheel)
Initial (P )
fwi
Average Initial (P¯
fw) i
Final (P )
fwf
Ave
...