ASTM D4803-97(2002)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Predicting Heat Buildup in PVC Building Products
Standard Test Method for Predicting Heat Buildup in PVC Building Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Heat buildup in PVC exterior building products due to absorption of the energy from the sun may lead to distortion problems. Heat buildup is affected by the color, emittance, absorptance, and reflectance of a product. Generally, the darker the color of the product, the more energy is absorbed and the greater is the heat buildup. However, even with the same apparent color, the heat buildup may vary due to the specific pigment system involved. The greatest heat buildup generally occurs in the color black containing carbon black pigment. The black control sample used in this test method contains 2.5 parts of furnace black per 100 parts of PVC suspension resin. The maximum temperature rise above ambient temperature for this black is 90°F (50°C) for a 45° or horizontal surface when the sun is perpendicular to the surface and 74°F (41°C) for a vertical surface assuming that the measurements were done on a cloudless day with no wind and heavy insulation on the back of the specimen.8 See Appendix X1.
This test method allows the measurement of the temperature rise under a specific type heat lamp, relative to that of a black reference surface, thus predicting the heat buildup due to the sun’energy.
The test method allows prediction of heat buildup of various colors or pigment systems, or both.
This test method gives a relative heat buildup compared to black under certain defined severe conditions but does not predict actual application temperatures of the product. These will also depend on air temperature, incident angle of the sun, clouds, wind velocity, insulation, installation behind glass, etc.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers prediction of the heat buildup in rigid and flexible PVC building products above ambient air temperature, relative to black, which occurs due to absorption of the sun's energy.
Note 1—This test method is expected to be applicable to all types of colored plastics. The responsible subcommittee intends to broaden the scope beyond PVC when data on other materials is submitted for review.
Note 2—There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject matter of this test method.
1.2 Rigid PVC exterior profile extrusions for assembled windows and doors are covered in Specification D 4726.
1.3 Rigid PVC exterior profiles for fencing are covered in Specification F 964.
1.4 Rigid PVC siding profiles are covered in Specification D 3679.
1.5 Rigid PVC soffit profiles are covered in Specification D 4477.
1.6 Rigid PVC and Rigid CPVC plastic building products compounds are covered in Specification D 4216.
1.7 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 7.
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An American National Standard
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Designation:D4803–97 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Predicting Heat Buildup in PVC Building Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4803; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Footnote text inadvertently left out of Table 1 was reinserted editorially in March 2003.
1. Scope* bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety
hazard statements are given in Section 7.
1.1 Thistestmethodcoverspredictionoftheheatbuildupin
rigid and flexible PVC building products above ambient air
2. Referenced Documents
temperature, relative to black, which occurs due to absorption
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of the sun’s energy.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
NOTE 1—This test method is expected to be applicable to all types of
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
colored plastics. The responsible subcommittee intends to broaden the
Plastics
scope beyond PVC when data on other materials is submitted for review.
D1898 Practice for Sampling Plastics
NOTE 2—There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject
D3010 Practice for Preparing Compression-Molded Test
matter of this test method.
Sample Plaques of Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Com-
1.2 Rigid PVC exterior profile extrusions for assembled
pounds
windows and doors are covered in Specification D4726.
D3679 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
1.3 Rigid PVC exterior profiles for fencing are covered in
Siding
Specification F964.
D4216 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
1.4 Rigid PVC siding profiles are covered in Specification
and Related PVC and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
D3679.
(CPVC) Building Products Compounds
1.5 Rigid PVC soffit profiles are covered in Specification
D4477 Specification for Rigid (Unplasticized) Poly(Vinyl
D4477.
Chloride) (PVC) Soffit
1.6 Rigid PVC and Rigid CPVC plastic building products
D4726 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
compounds are covered in Specification D4216.
Exterior-Profile Extrusions Used for Assembled Windows
1.7 The text of this test method references notes and
and Doors
footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
F964 Specification for Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
considered as requirements of this test method.
Exterior Profiles Used for Fencing and Railing
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard.
3. Terminology
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
nologies D883 or E631 and abbreviations with Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D1600 unless otherwise indicated.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.24 on Plastic Building For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Products. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved March 27, 2003. Published March 2003. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D4803 – 97. DOI: the ASTM website.
10.1520/D4803-97R02E01. Withdrawn.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4803–97 (2002)
3.2.1 heat buildup—the increase in temperature above that
of ambient air due to the amount of energy absorbed by a
specimen from the sun.
3.2.2 temperature rise—the increase in temperature above
that of ambient (laboratory) air due to absorption of energy
from a heating lamp (source).
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The PVC product (extruded product, injection molded
part, or compression molded) is cut apart to obtain a flat test
specimen at least 3 by 3 by 0.060 6 0.020 in. (76 by 76 by 1.5
6 0.5 mm).
4.2 The test specimen is heated under the infrared reflective
heat lamp to determine the temperature rise above ambient
(laboratory) temperature relative to a black control sample.
4.3 The temperature rise data, obtained in the laboratory for
a given test specimen, is then used to predict the heat buildup,
which may occur outdoors due to the sun.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Heat buildup in PVC exterior building products due to
absorption of the energy from the sun may lead to distortion
problems. Heat buildup is affected by the color, emittance,
absorptance, and reflectance of a product. Generally, the darker
the color of the product, the more energy is absorbed and the
greater is the heat buildup. However, even with the same
apparent color, the heat buildup may vary due to the specific
pigment system involved. The greatest heat buildup generally
occurs in the color black containing carbon black pigment.The
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Measuring Temperature Rise
black control sample used in this test method contains 2.5 parts
of furnace black per 100 parts of PVC suspension resin. The
maximum temperature rise above ambient temperature for this
6.1.2 White Infrared Heat Lamp, 250-W.
black is 90°F (50°C) for a 45° or horizontal surface when the
6.1.3 Thermocouple, 40-gage Type J (iron-constantan); or
sun is perpendicular to the surface and 74°F (41°C) for a
equivalent.
vertical surface assuming that the measurements were done on
6.1.4 Digital Read-Out Temperature Meter, Type J; or
a cloudless day with no wind and heavy insulation on the back
equivalent.
of the specimen. See Appendix X1.
NOTE 3—The type of insulation may affect absolute temperature rise.
5.2 This test method allows the measurement of the tem-
However, the calculated values of predicted maximum heat buildup,
perature rise under a specific type heat lamp, relative to that of
relative to a black does not appear to be affected, based on a laboratory
a black reference surface, thus predicting the heat buildup due
study comparing white rigid hydrous calcium silicate heat insulation with
to the sun’s energy.
aluminum foil insulation having equivalent thermal resistance.
5.3 The test method allows prediction of heat buildup of
NOTE 4—The intensity of the heat lamp has an effect on absolute
various colors or pigment systems, or both.
temperature rise, however, it does not appear to influence the calculated
5.4 This test method gives a relative heat buildup compared values of predicted maximum heat buildup relative to the black control.
The 250-W infrared heat lamp was selected because a higher intensity
to black under certain defined severe conditions but does not
lamp results in excessive temperature rise. This leads to excessive
predict actual application temperatures of the product. These
softening of the specimen under study, especially in the case of the black
will also depend on air temperature, incident angle of the sun,
control. A lower intensity lamp requires a longer testing time and,
clouds, wind velocity, insulation, installation behind glass, etc.
therefore, is considered undesirable.
6.2 The thermocouple shall be inserted through a 0.125-in.
6. Apparatus
(3.18-mm)holeinthebottomofthebox,sothatitextends0.25
6.1 Testing Apparatus—The apparatus shall be constructed
in. (6.35 mm) above the bottom surface of the box. The
essentially as shown in Fig. 1 and shall consist of the
thermocouple bends under the weight of the specimen, but
following:
shall retain contact with the specimen when the specimen is in
6.1.1 Wooden
...
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