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ASTM D7156-10a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method was developed to evaluate the viscosity increase and soot concentration (loading) performance of engine oils in turbocharged and intercooled four-cycle diesel engines equipped with EGR. Obtain results from used oil analysis.
The test method may be used for engine oil specification acceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics in a diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation, including viscosity increase and soot concentrations (loading). This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-11.  
1.1.1 This test method also provides the procedure for running an abbreviated length test, which is commonly referred to as the T-11A. The procedures for the T-11A are identical to the T-11 with the exception of the items specifically listed in Annex A8. Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in Annex A8 refer to the corresponding section of the T-11 procedure.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A6 for specific safety hazards.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2010
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0 - Automotive Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7156-10 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010
Replaced By
ASTM D7156-11 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7156–10a
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas
1
Recirculation Diesel Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7156; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
4
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for 2.1 ASTM Standards:
evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics in D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
a diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation, Atmospheric Pressure
2
includingviscosityincreaseandsootconcentrations(loading). D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
3
This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-11. Closed Cup Tester
1.1.1 This test method also provides the procedure for D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
runninganabbreviatedlengthtest,whichiscommonlyreferred D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-
to as the T-11A. The procedures for the T-11Aare identical to troleum Products by Copper Strip Test
the T-11 with the exception of the items specifically listed in D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
Annex A8. Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
Annex A8 refer to the corresponding section of the T-11 D287 TestMethodforAPIGravityofCrudePetroleumand
procedure. Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
standard. ity)
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
suchasscrewthreads,NationalPipeThreads/diameters,tubing D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment Petroleum Products
specification. D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the D664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Products
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the by Potentiometric Titration
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- D976 TestMethodforCalculatedCetaneIndexofDistillate
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- Fuels
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. SeeAnnexA6 for D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
specific safety hazards. Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate
Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7156–10. DOI:
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
10.1520/D7156-10A.
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
2
The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in this test
D3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel
method by means of Information Letters. This edition includes all information
Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
letters through 10-1. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test
Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAve., Pittsburgh, PA15206-4489,Attention:Admin-
istrator.
3
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent
4
rightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemmentionedinthisstandard.Usersofthis For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
responsibility. the ASTM website
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7156–10a
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, andAPI 3.1.6 heavy-duty, adj—in internal combustion engine op-
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Dens
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7156–10 Designation:D7156–10a
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas
1
Recirculation Diesel Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7156; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversanenginetestprocedureforevaluatingdieselengineoilsforperformancecharacteristicsinadiesel
2
engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation, including viscosity increase and soot concentrations (loading). This test method
3
is commonly referred to as the Mack T-11.
1.1.1 Thistestmethodalsoprovidestheprocedureforrunninganabbreviatedlengthtest,whichiscommonlyreferredtoasthe
T-11A. The procedures for the T-11A are identical to the T-11 with the exception of the items specifically listed in Annex A8.
Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in Annex A8 refer to the corresponding section of the T-11 procedure.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size,
or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. See Annex A6 for specific safety hazards.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0 on
Automotive Lubricants.
Current edition approved MayOct. 1, 2010. Published JuneNovember 2010. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 as
D7156–09.D7156–10. DOI: 10.1520/D7156-10A.
2
TheASTMTest Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters.This edition includes all information letters through
07-1.10-1. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator.
3
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard
are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
4
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandard
...

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ASTM D6792-23c(Practice)
Standard Practice for Quality Management Systems in Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants Testing Laboratories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants testing laboratory plays a crucial role in product quality management and customer satisfaction. It is essential for a laboratory to provide quality data. This document provides guidance for establishing and maintaining a quality management system in a laboratory.  
4.1.1 The word ‘customer’ can refer to both customers internal and external to the laboratory or organization.
SCOPE
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1.1.2 Commercial olefins that are essentially mixtures of aliphatic mono-olefins and that fall within the range of 95 to 165 bromine number (see Note 1). This test method has been found suitable for such materials as commercial propylene trimer and tetramer, butene dimer, and mixed nonenes, octenes, and heptenes. This test method is not satisfactory for normal alpha-olefins.  
Note 1: These limits are imposed since the precision of this test method has been determined only up to or within the range of these bromine numbers.  
1.2 The magnitude of the bromine number is an indication of the quantity of bromine-reactive constituents, not an identification of constituents; therefore, its application as a measure of olefinic unsaturation should not be undertaken without the study given in Annex A1.  
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1.1 This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil. Oxidation, nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are monitored as evidence of degradation. The objective of this monitoring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on fault conditions observed in the oil. Measurement and data interpretation parameters are presented to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compare results by employing the same techniques.  
1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of t...

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ASTM
ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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