ASTM C12-09

Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitified clay pipe lines in order to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe. The external loads on installed vitrified clay pipe are of two general types: (I) dead loads and (2) live loads. For pipes installed in trenches at a given depth, the dead load increases as the trench width, measured at the top of the pipe, increases. Live loads that act at the ground surface are partially transmitted to the pipe. Live loads may be produced by wheel loading, construction equipment or by compactive effort. Classes of bedding and encasements for pipe in trenches are defined as Class D wherein the pipe shall be placed on a firm and unyielding trench bottom with bell holes provided, Class C wherein the pipe shall be bedded in clean coarse-grained gravels and sands, Class B wherein the pipe shall be bedded in suitable material and Class A. Trenches shall be excavated to a width that will provide adequate working space, but not more than the maximum design width. Trench walls shall not be undercut. Bell holes shall be excavated to prevent point loading of the bells or couplings of laid pipe, and to establish full-length support of the pipe barrel. Final backfill need not be compacted to develop field supporting strength of the pipe. Final backfill may require compaction to prevent settlement of the ground surface.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitrified clay pipe lines in order to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2009
• ICS: 23.040.01 - Pipeline components and pipelines in general
• Technical Committee: C04 - Vitrified Clay Pipe
• Drafting Committee: C04.20 - Methods of Test and Specifications

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C12-08 - Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM C12-13 - Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C828-23 - Standard Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C1091-03a(2022) - Standard Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration Testing of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C301-18(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C425-22 - Standard Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C12 −09
StandardPractice for
1
Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC12;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installing
4. Supporting Strength
vitrified clay pipe lines in order to fully utilize the structural
properties of such pipe. 4.1 The field supporting strength of vitrified clay pipe is
materially affected by the methods of installation. The field
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
supporting strength of a pipe is defined as its capacity to
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
support dead and live loads under actual field conditions. It is
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
dependent upon two factors: (1) the inherent strength of the
and are not considered standard.
pipe and (2) the bedding of the pipe.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 The minimum bearing strength requirement in accor-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dance with Specification C700, as determined by the 3-edge-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
bearingtestofTestMethodsC301,isameasureoftheinherent
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
strength of the pipe.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.3 The tests used to measure bearing strength determine
2. Referenced Documents
relative pipe strengths but do not represent actual field condi-
2
tions. Therefore, an adjustment called a load factor is intro-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C301Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe duced to convert minimum bearing strength to field supporting
strength.The magnitude of the load factor depends on how the
C425SpecificationforCompressionJointsforVitrifiedClay
Pipe and Fittings pipe is bedded. The relationship is:
C700Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength,
Fieldsupportingstrength 5minimumbearingstrength 3loadfactor
Standard Strength, and Perforated
4.4 Afactor of safety greater than 1.0 and less than or equal
C828Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified
to 1.5 shall be applied to the field supporting strength to
Clay Pipe Lines
calculate a safe supporting strength. The relationship is:
C896Terminology Relating to Clay Products
Fieldsupportingstrength
C1091Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration Testing of
Safesupportingstrength 5
Factorofsafety
Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
D2487Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
5. External Loads
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
5.1 The external loads on installed vitrified clay pipe are of
3. Terminology
two general types: (1) dead loads and (2) live loads.
3.1 General—Terminology C896 can be used for clarifica-
5.2 Forpipesinstalledintrenchesatagivendepth,thedead
tion of terminology in this specification.
load increases as the trench width, measured at the top of the
pipe,increases.Consequently,thetrenchwidthatthetopofthe
pipeshallbekeptasnarrowaspossible.Pipefailuremayresult
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on Vitrified
if the design trench width is exceeded. If the trench width
Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods of
Test and Specifications.
exceeds the design width, a higher class of bedding, stronger
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Originally
pipe, or both, must be investigated.
approved in 1915. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C12–08. DOI:
10.1520/C0012-09.
5.3 Live loads that act at the ground surface are partially
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
transmitted to the pipe. Live loads may be produced by wheel
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
loading, construction equipment or by compactive effort.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Compaction of embedment and backfill materials, beside and
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C12−09
3
Engineering Practice—No. 60.
6. Bedding and Encasement
6.1 Classesofbeddingandencasementsforpipeintrenches
are defined herein. The load factors indicated are for conver-
sion of minimum bearing strength to field supporting strength.
6.2 Class D(Fig.2) —Thepipeshallbeplacedonafirmand
unyieldingtre
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C12–08 Designation: C12 – 09
Standard Practice for
1
Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C12; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitrified clay pipe lines in order to fully utilize the structural properties
of such pipe.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
C425 Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings
C700 Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength, and Perforated
C828 Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
C896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products
C1091 Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration Testing of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
3. Terminology
3.1 General—Terminology C896 can be used for clarification of terminology in this specification.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
4. Supporting Strength
4.1 The field supporting strength of vitrified clay pipe is materially affected by the methods of installation. The field supporting
strength of a pipe is defined as its capacity to support dead and live loads under actual field conditions. It is dependent upon two
factors: (1) the inherent strength of the pipe and (2) the bedding of the pipe.
4.2 TheminimumbearingstrengthrequirementinaccordancewithSpecificationC700,asdeterminedbythe3-edge-bearingtest
of Test Methods C301, is a measure of the inherent strength of the pipe.
4.3 The tests used to measure bearing strength determine relative pipe strengths but do not represent actual field conditions.
Therefore, an adjustment called a load factor is introduced to convert minimum bearing strength to field supporting strength. The
magnitude of the load factor depends on how the pipe is bedded. The relationship is:
Field supporting strength 5 minimum bearing strength 3 load factor
4.4 Afactor of safety greater than 1.0 and less than or equal to 1.5 shall be applied to the field supporting strength to calculate
a safe supporting strength. The relationship is:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C04 on Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods of Test and
Specifications.
Current edition approved Nov.Oct. 1, 2008.2009. Published November 2008.October 2009. Originally approved in 1915. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 as
C12–07.C12 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/C0012-089.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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C12–09
FIG. 1 Terminology
FIG. 2 Class D
5. External Loads
5.1 The external loads on installed vitrified clay pipe are of two general types: (1) dead loads and (2) live loads.
5.2 For pipes installed in trenches at a given depth, the dead load increases as the trench width, measured at the top of the pipe,
increases. Consequently, the trench width at the top of the pipe shall be kept as narrow as possible. Pipe failure may result if the
design trench width is exceeded. If the trench width exceeds the design width, a higher class of bedding, stronger pipe, or both,
must be investigated.
5.3 Live loads that act at the ground surface are partially transmitted to the pipe. Live loads may be produced by wheel loading,
construction equi
...