ASTM C24-09(2018)

Standard Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The deformation and end point of a cone corresponds to a certain heat-work condition due to the effects of time, temperature, and atmosphere.  
5.2 The precision of this test method is subject to many variables that are difficult to control. Therefore, an experienced operator may be necessary where PCE values are being utilized for specification purposes.  
5.3 PCE values are used to classify fireclay and high-alumina refractories.  
5.4 This is an effective method of identifying fireclay variations, mining control, and developing raw material specifications.  
5.5 Although not recommended, this test method is sometimes applied to materials other than fireclay and high alumina. Such practice should be limited to in-house laboratories and never be used for specification purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pyrometric cone equivalent (PCE) of fire clay, fireclay brick, high-alumina brick, and silica fire clay refractory mortar by comparison of test cones with standard pyrometric cones under the conditions prescribed in this test method.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Certain weights are in SI units with inch-pound in parentheses. Also, certain figures have SI units without parentheses. These SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2018
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.02 - Thermal Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C24 − 09 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High-
1
Alumina Refractory Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C24; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
Comparison Techniques
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pyro-
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
metric cone equivalent (PCE) of fire clay, fireclay brick,
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
high-alumina brick, and silica fire clay refractory mortar by
comparison of test cones with standard pyrometric cones under
3. Terminology
the conditions prescribed in this test method.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
method, see Terminology C71.
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
4. Summary of Test Method
information only and are not considered standard.
4.1 This test method consists of preparing a test cone from
1.2.1 Exceptions—Certain weights are in SI units with
a refractory material and comparing its deformation end point
inch-pound in parentheses. Also, certain figures have SI units
to that of a standard pyrometric cone. The resultant PCE value
without parentheses. These SI units are to be regarded as
is a measure of the refractoriness of the material.
standard.
4.2 Temperature equivalent tables for the standard cones
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
have been determined by the National Institute of Standards
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
andTechnology when subjected to both slow and rapid heating
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
rates.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.1 The deformation and end point of a cone corresponds to
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the a certain heat-work condition due to the effects of time,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
temperature, and atmosphere.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.2 The precision of this test method is subject to many
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
variables that are difficult to control.Therefore, an experienced
operatormaybenecessarywherePCEvaluesarebeingutilized
2. Referenced Documents
for specification purposes.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.3 PCE values are used to classify fireclay and high-
C71 Terminology Relating to Refractories
alumina refractories.
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
Sieves 5.4 This is an effective method of identifying fireclay
variations, mining control, and developing raw material speci-
fications.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.02 on Thermal
5.5 Although not recommended, this test method is some-
Properties.
times applied to materials other than fireclay and high alumina.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. Originally
Such practice should be limited to in-house laboratories and
approved in 1919. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C24 – 09 (2013). DOI:
never be used for specification purposes.
10.1520/C0024-09R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
6. Procedure
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 6.1 Preparation of Sample:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C24 − 09 (2018)
6.1.1 Clay or Brick—Crush the entire sample of fire clay or
fireclay brick, in case the amount is small, by means of rolls or
1
a jaw crusher to produce a particle size not larger than ⁄4 in.
(6 mm). If the amount is large, treat a representative sample
obtained by approved methods. Then mix the sample thor-
oughly and reduce the amount to about 250 g (0.5 lb) by
quartering (see Note 1). Then grind this portion in
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C24 − 09 (Reapproved 2013) C24 − 09 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High
1
Alumina High-Alumina Refractory Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C24; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Pyrometric Cone Equivalentpyrometric cone equivalent (PCE) of fire clay,
fireclay brick, high alumina high-alumina brick, and silica fire clay refractory mortar by comparison of test cones with standard
pyrometric cones under the conditions prescribed in this test method.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—Certain weights are in SI units with inch-pound in parenthesis.parentheses. Also, certain figures have SI units
without parenthesis.parentheses. These SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C71 Terminology Relating to Refractories
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, see Terminology C71.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consists of preparing a test cone from a refractory material and comparing its deformation end point to that
of a standard pyrometric cone. The resultant PCE value is a measure of the refractoriness of the material.
4.2 Temperature equivalent tables for the standard cones have been determined by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology when subjected to both slow and rapid heating rates.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The deformation and end point of a cone corresponds to a certain heat-work condition due to the effects of time, temperature,
and atmosphere.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.02 on Thermal Properties.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013Feb. 1, 2018. Published September 2013February 2018. Originally approved in 1919. Last previous edition approved in 20092013
as C24 – 09.C24 – 09 (2013). DOI: 10.1520/C0024-09R13.10.1520/C0024-09R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C24 − 09 (2018)
5.2 The precision of this test method is subject to many variables that are difficult to control. Therefore, an experienced operator
may be necessary where PCE values are being utilized for specification purposes.
5.3 PCE values are used to classify fireclay and high alumina high-alumina refractories.
5.4 This is an effective method of identifying fireclay variations, mining control, and developing raw material specifications.
5.5 Although not recommended, this test method is sometimes applied to materials other than fireclay and high alumina. Such
practice should be limited to in-house laboratories and never be used for specification p
...