ASTM D7840-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Foaming Tendencies of Non-Aqueous Engine Coolants in Glassware
Standard Test Method for Foaming Tendencies of Non-Aqueous Engine Coolants in Glassware
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In the test method, coolants generally will be distinguished that have a tendency to foam excessively from those that are suitable for further evaluation to determine performance in actual service.Note 1—In use, the foaming tendency of a coolant solution may be increased by service aging or contamination. A properly functioning pressure cap will tend to suppress foaming in coolant solutions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a simple glassware test for evaluating the tendency of non-aqueous engine coolants to foam under laboratory controlled conditions of aeration and temperature.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2 and 7.3.
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Designation: D7840 − 12
Standard Test Method for
Foaming Tendencies of Non-Aqueous Engine Coolants in
Glassware
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7840; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers a simple glassware test for 4.1 The non-aqueous coolant of interest is blown with air at
evaluating the tendency of non-aqueous engine coolants to a constant rate for 5 min while maintained at a constant
foam under laboratory controlled conditions of aeration and temperature of 88 6 1°C by means of a suitable temperature
temperature. bath. The volume of foam and the time for such foam to break
are measured.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
5. Significance and Use
this standard.
5.1 In the test method, coolants generally will be distin-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
guished that have a tendency to foam excessively from those
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
that are suitable for further evaluation to determine perfor-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
mance in actual service.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
NOTE 1—In use, the foaming tendency of a coolant solution may be
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
increased by service aging or contamination. A properly functioning
warning statements, see 7.2 and 7.3.
pressure cap will tend to suppress foaming in coolant solutions.
2. Referenced Documents
6. Apparatus
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.1 Container, a 500-mL graduated container of heat-
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
resistant glass having a diameter of 45 to 50 mm and a length
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
of 380 mm.
E128 Test Method for Maximum Pore Diameter and Perme-
6.2 Temperature Bath, a heat-resistant glass container large
ability of Rigid Porous Filters for Laboratory Use
enough to permit immersion of the graduated container at least
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
to the 350-mL graduation mark.A4000-mL beaker is satisfac-
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
tory.
6.3 Heat Source, any heating system capable of maintaining
3. Terminology
a uniform bath temperature of 61°C. A 750-W electric hot
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
plate is satisfactory.
3.1.1 break time, n—time required for the foam to collapse
6.4 Aerator Tube, a 25.4-mm diameter spherical gas-
(after the air supply has been shut off) to the first appearance of
diffuser stone made of fused crystalline alumina grain that
an “eye” on the surface of the test solution.
meets the following specifications when tested in accordance
3.1.2 eye, n—appearance of foam-free area on the surface of
with the method given in Annex A1:
the test coolant surrounded by a ring of foam clinging to the
Maximum pore diameter, µm Not greater than 80
cylinder walls.
Permeability at a pressure of 2.45 kPa, 3000 to 6400
mL of air/min
6.5 Temperature Measuring Instrument (Environmentally
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D15 on Engine
Safe Thermometer or Thermocouple)—An ASTM Partial Im-
Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D15.22 on Non-Aqueous Coolants. mersion Temperature Measuring Instrument having a range
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published January 2013. DOI: 10.1520/
from 20 to 150°C (0 to 302°F) and conforming to the
D7840-12.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on For information on aerator supplier and specifications, contactASTM Subcom-
the ASTM website. mittee D15.06 through ASTM International Headquarters.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7840 − 12
requirements for Thermometer 1C (1F), as prescribed in 7.2 Acetone, for flushing and drying the test equipment.
Specification E1 or Thermocouple as summarized in Specifi- (Warning—Acetone is extremely flammable.)
cation E230.
7.3 Cleaning Bath—Refers to an acid or base cleaning
6.6 Air Supply, a clean and dry source, free from grease and solution used to clean glassware between tests. The choice of
other contaminants, capable of maintaining the prescribed flow cleaning baths depends on individual needs. For example,
rate through the diffuser stone. Nochromix® and alcoholic sodium (potassium) hydroxide are
common acid and base cleaning baths, respectively.
6.7 Timer, a stop watch or suitable timing device accurate to
(Warning—The cleaning baths are strong oxidants and strong
60.2 s.
acid and base, respectively. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and
6.8 Vent, a three-way stopcock inserted in the metered air
clothing. Do not breathe vapor. Handle in a fume hood.)
supply line immediately ahead of the aerator tube.
6.9 Typical Assembly Setup, A typical apparatus using a
Nochromix® is an inorganic oxidizer that contains no metallic ions. The white
hot-plate heat source is shown in Fig. 1.
powder is dissolved in water and mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid, giving a
solution that reportedly is more strongly oxidizing than chromic acid. The sole
7. Reagents and Materials
source of supply of Nochromix known to the committee at this time is Godax
Laboratories Inc., PO box 422, Cabin John, MD 20818. If you are aware of
7.1 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International
to water means reagent water as defined by Type II of
Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
Specification D1193. responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
FIG. 1 Schematic Drawing of Apparatus for Glassware Foam Test
D7840 − 12
8. Test Coolant 10.4 At the end of 5 min, measure the volume of foam at the
highest level and subtract the initial volume read after inserting
8.1 The non-aqueous coolant is intended to be tested as-is,
the aerator tube. Read the foam volume to the nearest 5-mL
without dilution or adulteration of any kind.
graduation.
9. Conditioning
10.5 Relieve the air pressure by positioning the three-way
stopcock to shut off the air supply and vent the inlet tube to the
9.1 Test Temperature—The temperature bath shall be kept at
atmosphere simultaneously and record precisely (60.2 s) the
a constant volume (350- to 375-mL mark of the graduated
time for the foam to collapse to the first appearance of an “eye”
cylinder) throughout the test. The ref
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