ASTM D3500-90(1995)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Structural Panels in Tension
Standard Test Methods for Structural Panels in Tension
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the tensile properties of structural panels.
1.2 Structural panels in use include plywood, waferboard, oriented strand board and composites of veneer, and other wood-based layers
1.3 Test Method A, Tensile Test for Small Specimens:
1.3.1 This test method employs small specimens that should have a reduced cross section at the center of their length to avoid failure in the grip area. The transition from full width of specimen to reduced section at the center should be gradual to minimize stress concentration.
1.3.2 When the measurements of elastic properties are to be made, the length of the reduced cross section at the center should be of sufficient length to accommodate an extensometer.
1.4 Test Method B, Tensile Test for Large Specimens:
1.4.1 This test method employs large specimens and responds well to manufacturing variables, plywood growth characteristics, and other defects influencing the tensile properties of structural panels.
1.4.2 The test specimens are large enough to contain the maximum sized defects found in plywood panels. The test specimens have a constant cross section since the size and location of defects control the location of failures and the effect of stress concentration at the grips is overshadowed.
1.4.3 This test method is recommended for the following:
1.4.3.1 Comparative tests of structural panels,
1.4.3.2 Determining the influence of any specific strength reducing defects on the tensile properties of structural panels,
1.4.3.3 Determination of tensile properties of plywood and composites containing veneer with growth and manufacturing characteristics.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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e1
Designation: D 3500 – 90 (Reapproved 1995)
Standard Test Methods for
Structural Panels in Tension
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3500; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—Section 15 was added editorially in July 1995.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
tensile properties of structural panels. D 2395 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and
1.2 Structural panels in use include plywood, waferboard, Wood-Base Materials
oriented strand board and composites of veneer, and other D 4442 Test Method for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
wood-based layers ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
1.3 Test Method A, Tensile Test for Small Specimens:
3. Significance and Use
1.3.1 This test method employs small specimens that should
have a reduced cross section at the center of their length to 3.1 These test methods determine the tensile properties of
structural panels in response to stresses acting in the plane of
avoid failure in the grip area. The transition from full width of
specimen to reduced section at the center should be gradual to the panel.
3.2 Test Method A—This test method is suited to material
minimize stress concentration.
1.3.2 When the measurements of elastic properties are to be that is uniform with respect to tensile properties. It is normally
applied to structural panels and plywood of clear, straight-
made, the length of the reduced cross section at the center
should be of sufficient length to accommodate an extensometer. grained veneers. It may also be used to evaluate the strength of
scarf and finger joints and other manufacturing process vari-
1.4 Test Method B, Tensile Test for Large Specimens:
1.4.1 This test method employs large specimens and re- ables that can be expected to influence the tensile properties of
structural panels in a uniform manner across the width of the
sponds well to manufacturing variables, plywood growth
characteristics, and other defects influencing the tensile prop- sheet.
3.3 Test Method B—This test method employs large test
erties of structural panels.
1.4.2 The test specimens are large enough to contain the specimens and responds well to all manufacturing variables
and growth characteristics that affect the tensile properties of
maximum sized defects found in plywood panels. The test
specimens have a constant cross section since the size and structural panels.
3.4 It is recommended that where comparisons are to be
location of defects control the location of failures and the effect
of stress concentration at the grips is overshadowed. made that the same test method and specimen size be used
1.4.3 This test method is recommended for the following: throughout. This is because the volume of material included in
a test specimen can influence the tensile strength regardless of
1.4.3.1 Comparative tests of structural panels,
1.4.3.2 Determining the influence of any specific strength whether the material properties are uniform throughout the
sheet or vary widely due to the presence of growth or
reducing defects on the tensile properties of structural panels,
1.4.3.3 Determination of tensile properties of plywood and manufacturing features.
composites containing veneer with growth and manufacturing
4. Control of Moisture Content
characteristics.
4.1 Structural panel specimens to be tested at specific
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
moisture contents or after reaching equilibrium moisture con-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tent at specific temperature and relative humidity conditions
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
shall be conditioned to approximate constant weight in con-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
trolled atmospheric conditions. For approximating moisture
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
conditions of structural panels used under dry conditions, a
1 relative humidity of 65 6 2 % at a temperature of (68 6 6°F)
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-7 on
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products.
Current edition approved Oct. 26, 1990. Published December 1990. Originally
published as D 3500 – 76. Last previous edition D 3500 – 76 (1986). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3500
(20 6 3°C) is recommended. plywood or composites with the grain of the individual veneer
plies or laminations making grain angles of individual veneer
5. Variables Influencing Tensile Properties of Structural 1
lamina of 0 or 90°, Type A shall be used for material over ⁄4 in.
Panels
(6 mm) in thickness and Type B for material ⁄4 in. (6 mm) or
5.1 Moisture Content—Moisture content shall be deter-
less in thickness. For plywood with an angle other than 0 or 90°
mined in accordance with Test Method D 4442. between the length of the specimens and the grain orientation,
5.2 Specific Gravity—Determine specific gravity in accor-
Type C shall be used regardless of the thickness of the material.
dance with Test Methods D 2395. The specimen may be the The specimens shall have a thickness equal to that of the
same as that for moisture content determination but must have
material. The thickness and the width of each specimen at the
3 3
volume of at least 1 in. (16 cm ) if from small specimens (Test critical section shall be measured to an accuracy of not less
3 3
Method A), and at least 3 in. (49 cm ) if from large specimens
than 60.3 % or 0.001 in. (0.02 mm) whichever is larger.
(Test Method B). Specimens containing veneer shall be free of
6.1.2 The test specimens shall be properly shaped, using a
visible knots or voids in any ply.
template in conjunction with a vertical-spindle wood-work-ing
shaper or any other method that will give equally satisfactory
TEST METHOD A—TENSILE PROPERTIES
results.
OF SMALL SPECIMENS
7. Loading Procedure
6. Test Specimens
6.1 Specimens may be of Types A, B, or C in Fig. 1. 7.1 Hold the specimen in wedge-type self-tightening and
6.1.1 When the evaluation of elastic properties as well as self-aligning grips. Rate of crosshead motion shall be constant
ultimate tensile strength is required, the size and shape of the throughout the test such that the specimen breaks within 3 to 10
test specimen shall be selected on the basis of the construction min after initiation of loading. A crosshead motion rate of
and thickness of the material. For other structural panels, and 0.035 in./min (0.9 mm/min) is usually satisfactory. If failure
U.S. Customary Metric Equivalents U.S. Customary Metric Equivalents
Units, in. mm Units, in. mm
1 7
⁄4 63 ⁄8 98
1 1
⁄2 13 4 ⁄8 105
125 4 ⁄4 108
1 ⁄8 48 16 406
2 ⁄2 64 20 503
2 ⁄8 67 25 635
2 ⁄8 73 30 762
NOTE 1—A generous radius of curvature at the minimum section as provided in this specimen is highly des
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