ASTM D5500-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Vehicle Evaluation of Unleaded Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation
Standard Test Method for Vehicle Evaluation of Unleaded Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method—It was determined through field testing that intake valve deposits could adversely affect the driveability of certain automobiles.7 Southwest Research Institute and BMW of North America (BMW NA) jointly conducted testing to develop this test method to determine an unleaded automotive spark-ignition engine fuel's propensity to form intake valve deposits. This testing concluded that if an automotive spark-ignition engine fuel could keep intake valve deposits at or below a certain average weight per valve at the end of mileage accumulation, then that automotive spark-ignition engine fuel could be used in the BMW vehicle-engine combination for a specified period without intake valve deposits causing driveability degradation. Minimizing intake valve deposits may be necessary to maintain vehicle driveability and tailpipe emissions control.
5.1.1 State and Federal Legislative and Regulatory Action—Legislative activity and rulemaking primarily by California Air Resources Board8 and the Environmental Protection Agency9 necessitate the acceptance of a standardized test method to evaluate the intake system deposit forming tendency of an automotive spark-ignition engine fuel.
5.1.2 Relevance of Results—The operating conditions and design of the engine and vehicle used in this test method are not representative of all modern automobiles. These factors shall be considered when interpreting test results.
5.2 Test Validity:
5.2.1 Procedural Compliance—The test results are not considered valid unless the test is completed in compliance with all requirements of this test method. Deviations from the parameter limits presented in Sections 10 and 11 will result in an invalid test. Engineering judgment shall be applied during conduct of the test method when assessing any anomalies to ensure validity of the test results.
5.2.2 Vehicle Compliance—A test is not considered valid unless the vehicle met the quality control inspection requirements as described in...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a vehicle test procedure for evaluation of intake valve deposit formation of unleaded spark-ignition engine fuels. This test method uses a 1985 model BMW 318i2 vehicle. Mileage is accumulated following a specified driving schedule on either public road or test track. This test method is adapted from the original BMW of North America/Southwest Research Institute Intake Valve Deposit test and maintains as much commonality as possible with the original test. Chassis dynamometers shall not be used for this test procedure as the BMW NA/SwRI IVD Test was not intended to be applicable to chassis dynamometers and no correlation between road operation and chassis dynamometers has been established.
Note 1: If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Test Method D5500, contact ASTM International.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific statements on hazards are given throughout this test method.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D5500 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Vehicle Evaluation of Unleaded Automotive Spark-Ignition
1
Engine Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5500; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This test method covers a vehicle test procedure for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
evaluation of intake valve deposit formation of unleaded
D235Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
spark-ignition engine fuels. This test method uses a 1985
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
2
model BMW 318i vehicle. Mileage is accumulated following
D4175Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
a specified driving schedule on either public road or test track.
Fuels, and Lubricants
This test method is adapted from the original BMW of North
D4814Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
America/Southwest Research Institute Intake Valve Deposit
Fuel
test and maintains as much commonality as possible with the
2.2 ANSI Standard:
original test. Chassis dynamometers shall not be used for this
MC96.1AmericanNationalStandardforTemperatureMea-
test procedure as the BMW NA/SwRI IVD Test was not
4
surement Thermocouples
intended to be applicable to chassis dynamometers and no
correlation between road operation and chassis dynamometers
3. Terminology
has been established.
3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.
NOTE 1—If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Test Method
D5500, contact ASTM International.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 base fuel, n—in automotive spark-ignition engine
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are fuels,amaterialcomposedprimarilyofhydrocarbonsthatmay
also contain oxygenates, anti-oxidants, corrosion inhibitors,
providedforinformationonlyandarenotconsideredstandard.
metal deactivators, and dyes but does not contain deposit
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
control or lead additives.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—A jurisdiction may set limits on lead
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
content from all sources.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.2 driveability, n—in vehicles equipped with internal
Specific statements on hazards are given throughout this test
combustion engines, the quality of a vehicle’s performance
method.
characteristics under a range of conditions as perceived by the
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
operator. D4814
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The performance characteristics may
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
includecoldstartingandwarm-up,acceleration,idling,andhot
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
starting.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.3.1 alternate mileage accumulation (AMA) driving cycle,
n—a driving schedule that is based on the U.S. Environmental
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.
3
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D5500–16. DOI: contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
10.1520/D5500-18. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
2
OriginallyobtainedfromBMWNAnewcardealershipsintheUnitedStatesas the ASTM website.
4
a 1985 model year vehicle, the vehicle is currently available through the used Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
vehicle market. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5500 − 18
Protection Agency Durability Driving Schedule, which con- pliance to the test objective, a data logger is active at all times
tains various drivin
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5500 − 16 D5500 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Vehicle Evaluation of Unleaded Automotive Spark-Ignition
1
Engine Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5500; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a vehicle test procedure for evaluation of intake valve deposit formation of unleaded spark-ignition
2
engine fuels. This test method uses a 1985 model BMW 318i vehicle. Mileage is accumulated following a specified driving
schedule on either public road or test track. This test method is adapted from the original BMW of North America/Southwest
Research Institute Intake Valve Deposit test and maintains as much commonality as possible with the original test. Chassis
dynamometers shall not be used for this test procedure as the BMW NA/SwRI IVD Test was not intended to be applicable to
chassis dynamometers and no correlation between road operation and chassis dynamometers has been established.
NOTE 1—If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Test Method D5500, contact ASTM International.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Exception—The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific statements on hazards are given throughout this test method.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
2.2 ANSI Standard:
4
MC 96.1 American National Standard for Temperature Measurement Thermocouples
3. Terminology
3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 base fuel, n—in automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, a material composed primarily of hydrocarbons that may also
contain oxygenates, anti-oxidants, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators, and dyes but does not contain deposit control or lead
additives.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016Dec. 1, 2018. Published February 2016December 2018. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20142016
as D5500 – 98D5500 – 16.(2014). DOI: 10.1520/D5500-16.10.1520/D5500-18.
2
Originally obtained from BMW NA new car dealerships in the United States as a 1985 model year vehicle, the vehicle is currently available through the used vehicle
market.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5500 − 18
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
A jurisdiction may set limits on lead content from all sources.
3.2.2 driveability, n—in vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines, the quality of a vehicle’s performance
characteristics under a range of conditions as per
...
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