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ASTM C201-93(2019)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories

Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The thermal conductivity of refractories is a property required for selecting their thermal transmission characteristics. Users select refractories to provide specified conditions of heat loss and cold face temperature, without exceeding the temperature limitation of the refractory. This test method establishes the testing for thermal conductivity of refractories using the calorimeter.  
3.2 This procedure requires a large thermal gradient and steady-state conditions. The results are based upon a mean temperature.  
3.3 The data from this test method are suitable for specification acceptance and design of multi-layer refractory construction.  
3.4 The use of these data requires consideration of the actual application environment and conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative thermal conductivity of refractories under standardized conditions of testing. This test method is designed for refractories having a conductivity factor of not more than 200 Btu·in./h·ft2·°F (2818 W/m·K), for a thickness of 1 in. (25 mm).  
1.2 Detailed ASTM test methods to be used in conjunction with this procedure in testing specific types of refractory materials are as follows: Test Method C182, Test Method C202, Test Method C417, and Test Method C767.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2018
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories
Drafting Committee
C08.02 - Thermal Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C201 − 93 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
1
Thermal Conductivity of Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C201; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C202Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractory
Brick
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-
C417Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Unfired
parative thermal conductivity of refractories under standard-
Monolithic Refractories
ized conditions of testing. This test method is designed for
C767Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Carbon
refractories having a conductivity factor of not more than 200
2 Refractories
Btu·in./h·ft ·°F(2818W/m·K),forathicknessof1in.(25mm).
E220Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
1.2 Detailed ASTM test methods to be used in conjunction
Comparison Techniques
with this procedure in testing specific types of refractory
materials are as follows: Test Method C182, Test Method
3. Significance and Use
C202, Test Method C417, and Test Method C767.
3.1 The thermal conductivity of refractories is a property
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
required for selecting their thermal transmission characteris-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
tics.Usersselectrefractoriestoprovidespecifiedconditionsof
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
heat loss and cold face temperature, without exceeding the
and are not considered standard.
temperature limitation of the refractory. This test method
establishes the testing for thermal conductivity of refractories
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
using the calorimeter.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 This procedure requires a large thermal gradient and
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
steady-state conditions. The results are based upon a mean
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
temperature.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.3 The data from this test method are suitable for specifi-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
cation acceptance and design of multi-layer refractory con-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
struction.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 3.4 Theuseofthesedatarequiresconsiderationoftheactual
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. application environment and conditions.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Apparatus
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 The apparatus shall conform in close detail with that
3
C134Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements,
shown in the approved drawings. The equipment is shown in
and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating
Figs. 1 and 2, and the essential parts are as follows:
Firebrick
4.1.1 Heating Chamber—Aheating chamber, shown in Fig.
C155Classification of Insulating Firebrick
3, shall be capable of being heated electrically over a tempera-
C182Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Insulating
turerangefrom400to2800°F(205to1540°C)inaneutralor
Firebrick
oxidizingatmosphere.Thetemperatureoftheheatingunitshall
be controlled by a mechanism capable of maintaining the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
temperature in the chamber constant to within 65°F(63°C).
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.02 on Thermal
Properties.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019. Published January 2019. Originally
3
approved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C201–93 (2013). The complete set of approved drawings necessary for the construction of the
DOI: 10.1520/C0201-93R19. apparatus and suggested operating instructions, each of which requires too much
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or space to be included with this test method, was originally drafted by the Insulating
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Products Division of Babcock and Wilcox Co. ASTM has been advised that these
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on drawings are no longer available. Subcommittee C08.02 is currently taking this
the ASTM website. issue under advisement.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C201 − 93 (Reapproved 2013) C201 − 93 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
1
Thermal Conductivity of Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C201; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative thermal conductivity of refractories under standardized
2
conditions of testing. This test method is designed for refractories having a conductivity factor of not more than 200 Btu·in./h·ft ·°F
(2818 W/m·K), for a thickness of 1 in. (25 mm).
1.2 Detailed ASTM test methods to be used in conjunction with this procedure in testing specific types of refractory materials
are as follows: Test Method C182, Test Method C202, Test Method C417, and Test Method C767.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick
C155 Classification of Insulating Firebrick
C182 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Insulating Firebrick
C202 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractory Brick
C417 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Unfired Monolithic Refractories
C767 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Refractories
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The thermal conductivity of refractories is a property required for selecting their thermal transmission characteristics. Users
select refractories to provide specified conditions of heat loss and cold face temperature, without exceeding the temperature
limitation of the refractory. This test method establishes the testing for thermal conductivity of refractories using the calorimeter.
3.2 This procedure requires a large thermal gradient and steady state steady-state conditions. The results are based upon a mean
temperature.
3.3 The data from this test method are suitable for specification acceptance,acceptance and design of multi-layer refractory
construction.
3.4 The use of these data requires consideration of the actual application environment and conditions.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.02 on Thermal Properties.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013Jan. 1, 2019. Published September 2013January 2019. Originally approved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 20092013
as C201 – 93 (2009).(2013). DOI: 10.1520/C0201-93R13.10.1520/C0201-93R19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C201 − 93 (2019)
4. Apparatus
3
4.1 The apparatus shall conform in close detail with that shown in the approved drawings. The equipment is shown in Fig.
1Figs. 1 and 2 and Fig. 2, and the essential parts are as follows:
4.1.1 Heating Chamber—A heating chamber, shown in Fig. 3, shall be capable of being heated electrically over a temperature
range from 400 to 2800°F2800 °F (205 to 1540°C)1540 °C) in a neutral or oxidizing atmosphere. The temperature of the heating
unit shall be controlled by a mechanism
...

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3.2 The test, which creates and measures the expansion, is suitable for guidance in product development and relative comparison in application work where oxidation potential is of concern. The variability of the test is such that it is not recommended for use as a referee test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the oxidation resistance of silicon carbide refractories at elevated temperatures in an atmosphere of steam. The steam is used to accelerate the test. Oxidation resistance is the ability of the silicon carbide (SiC) in the refractory to resist conversion to silicon dioxide (SiO2) and its attendant crystalline growth.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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