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ASTM G85-11

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing

Standard Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is applicable to ferrous and nonferrous metals; also organic and inorganic coatings. The variations described herein are useful when a different or more corrosive environment than the salt fog described in Practice B117 is desired.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers and sets forth conditions for five modifications in salt spray (fog) testing for specification purposes. These are in chronological order of their development:
1.1.1 Annex A1, acetic acid-salt spray test, continuous.
1.1.2 Annex A2, cyclic acidified salt spray test.
1.1.3 Annex A3, seawater acidified test, cyclic (SWAAT).
1.1.4 Annex A4, SO2 salt spray test, cyclic.
1.1.5 Annex A5,  dilute electrolyte cyclic fog dry test.
1.2 This practice does not prescribe the type of modification, test specimen or exposure periods to be used for a specific product, nor the interpretation to be given to the results.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Fahrenheit temperature values are given for information only throughout this practice.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2011
ICS
77.060 - Corrosion of metals
Technical Committee
G01 - Corrosion of Metals
Drafting Committee
G01.05 - Laboratory Corrosion Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM G85-09 - Standard Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Replaced By
ASTM G85-19 - Standard Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019
Referred By
ASTM G39-99(2021) - Standard Practice for Preparation and Use of Bent-Beam Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D7893-13(2018) - Standard Guide for Corrosion Test Panel Preparation, Testing, and Rating of Coil-Coated Building Products
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM B994/B994M-22 - Standard Specification for Nickel-Cobalt Alloy Coating
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D1654-08(2016)e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM B456-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus<brk/> Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM B117-19 - Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D5894-21 - Standard Practice for Cyclic Salt Fog/UV Exposure of Painted Metal, (Alternating Exposures in a Fog/Dry Cabinet and a UV/Condensation Cabinet)
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM B733-22 - Standard Specification for Autocatalytic (Electroless) Nickel-Phosphorus Coatings on Metal
Effective Date
01-May-2011
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ASTM E3134-20 - Standard Specification for Transportation Tunnel Structural Components and Passive Fire Protection Systems
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ASTM G198-17 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Relative Corrosion Performance of Driven Fasteners in Contact with Treated Wood
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ASTM G112-22 - Standard Guide for Conducting Exfoliation Corrosion Tests in Aluminum Alloys
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:G85 −11
Standard Practice for
1
Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG85;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D1141Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Ocean
Water
1.1 This practice covers and sets forth conditions for five
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
modifications in salt spray (fog) testing for specification
D1654Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated
purposes. These are in chronological order of their develop-
Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
ment:
E70Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
1.1.1 Annex A1, acetic acid-salt spray test, continuous.
Glass Electrode
1.1.2 Annex A2, cyclic acidified salt spray test.
1.1.3 Annex A3, seawater acidified test, cyclic (SWAAT).
3. Significance and Use
1.1.4 Annex A4, SO salt spray test, cyclic.
2
1.1.5 Annex A5, dilute electrolyte cyclic fog dry test. 3.1 This practice is applicable to ferrous and nonferrous
metals; also organic and inorganic coatings. The variations
1.2 This practice does not prescribe the type of
described herein are useful when a different or more corrosive
modification, test specimen or exposure periods to be used for
environment than the salt fog described in Practice B117 is
a specific product, nor the interpretation to be given to the
desired.
results.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4. Apparatus
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4.1 Cabinet:
standard.
4.1.1 The apparatus required for salt spray (fog) testing
1.3.1 Exception—Fahrenheit temperature values are given
consists of a fog chamber, a salt solution reservoir, a supply of
for information only throughout this practice.
suitably conditioned compressed air, one or more atomizing
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
nozzles,specimensupports,provisionforheatingthechamber,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and necessary means of control. The size and detailed con-
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
struction of the cabinet are optional, provided the conditions
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
obtainedmeettherequirementsofthispractice.Thematerialof
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
construction shall be such that it will not affect the corrosive-
ness of the fog. Suitable apparatus that may be used to obtain
2. Referenced Documents
these conditions is described inAppendix X1 of Practice B117
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: with necessary modifications described in each annex of this
B117Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus practice.
D609Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels 4.1.2 Design the cabinet so that drops of solution that
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and accumulate on the ceiling or cover of the chamber do not fall
Related Coating Products on the specimens being tested. Do not return drops of solution
that fall from the specimens to the solution reservoir for
respraying.
4.1.3 Equip the cabinet with one or more timing devices to
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion
provide for intermittent spraying or periodic introduction of a
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.05 on Laboratory
Corrosion Tests.
gas, or both.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originally
4.2 Air Supply:
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as G85–09. DOI:
10.1520/G0085-11.
4.2.1 Make sure the compressed air supply to the nozzle or
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
nozzlesforatomizingthesaltsolutionisfreeofoilanddirtand
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
maintain the air supply between 69 and 172 kPa (10 and 25
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. psi).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G85−11
NOTE 1—The air supply may be freed of oil and dirt by passing it
for the material(s) being tested, or as agreed upon between the
through a water scrubber or at least 610 mm (2 ft) of suitable cleaning
purchaser and supplier. Otherwise, make sure the test speci-
material such as asbestos, sheep’s wool, or activated alumina.
mens consist of steel meeting the requir
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:G85–09 Designation: G85 – 11
Standard Practice for
1
Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG85;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers and sets forth conditions for five modifications in salt spray (fog) testing for specification purposes.
These are in chronological order of their development:
1.1.1 Annex A1, acetic acid-salt spray test, continuous.
1.1.2 Annex A2, cyclic acidified salt spray test.
1.1.3 Annex A3, seawater acidified test, cyclic (SWAAT).
1.1.4 Annex A4,SO salt spray test, cyclic.
2
1.1.5 Annex A5, dilute electrolyte cyclic fog dry test.
1.2 Thispracticedoesnotprescribethetypeofmodification,testspecimenorexposureperiodstobeusedforaspecificproduct,
nor the interpretation to be given to the results.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Fahrenheit temperature values are given for information only throughout this practice.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
D609 PracticeforPreparationofCold-RolledSteelPanelsforTestingPaint,Varnish,ConversionCoatings,andRelatedCoating
Products
D1141 Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Ocean Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode
3. Significance and Use
3.1This3.1 This practice is applicable to ferrous and nonferrous metals; also organic and inorganic coatings. The variations
described herein are useful when a different or more corrosive environment than the salt fog described in Practice B117 is desired.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Cabinet:
4.1.1 The apparatus required for salt spray (fog) testing consists of a fog chamber, a salt solution reservoir, a supply of suitably
conditioned compressed air, one or more atomizing nozzles, specimen supports, provision for heating the chamber, and necessary
means of control. The size and detailed construction of the cabinet are optional, provided the conditions obtained meet the
requirements of this practice.The material of construction shall be such that it will not affect the corrosiveness of the fog. Suitable
apparatus that may be used to obtain these conditions is described in Appendix A1X1 of Practice B117 with necessary
modifications described in each annex. with necessary modifications described in each annex of this practice.
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeG01onCorrosionofMetalsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeG01.05onLaboratoryCorrosion
Tests.
´1
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2009.PublishedAugust2009.Originallyapprovedin1985.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2002asG85–02 .DOI:10.1520/G0085-09.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. PublishedAugust 2011. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as G85–09. DOI: 10.1520/G0085-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G85–11
4.1.2 Design the cabinet so that drops of solution that accumulate on the ceiling or cover of the chamber do not fall on the
specimens being tested. Do not return drops of solution that fall from the specimens to the solution reservoir for respraying.
4.1.3 Equip the cabinet with one or more timing devices to provide for intermittent spraying or periodic introduction of a gas,
or both.
4.2 Air Supply:
4.2.1 Make sure the compressed air supply to the nozzle or nozzles for a
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Autoclave tests are commonly used to evaluate the corrosion performance of metallic and non-metallic materials under simulated HP and HTHP service conditions. Examples of service environments in which HP and HTHP corrosion tests have been used include chemical processing, petroleum production and refining, food processing, pressurized cooling water, electric power systems, and aerospace propulsion.  
5.2 For the applications of corrosion testing listed in 5.1, the service environment involves handling corrosive and potentially hazardous media under conditions of high pressure or high temperature, or both. The temperature and pressure, among other parameters, usually drive the composition and properties of the aqueous phase and, hence, the severity of the corrosion process. Consequently, the laboratory evaluation of corrosion severity cannot be performed in conventional low pressure glassware without making potentially invalid assumptions as to the potential effects of high temperature and pressure on corrosion severity.  
5.3 Therefore, there is a substantial need to provide standardized methods by which corrosion testing can be performed under HP and HTHP. In many cases, however, the standards used for exposure of specimens in conventional low-pressure glassware experiments cannot be followed due to the limitations of access, volume, and visibility arising from the construction of high-pressure test cells. This guide refers to existing corrosion standards and practices, as applicable, and then goes further in areas in which specific guidelines for performing HP and HTHP corrosion testing are needed.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures, specimens, and equipment for conducting laboratory corrosion tests on metallic materials under conditions of high pressure (HP) or the combination of high temperature and high pressure (HTHP). See 3.2 for definitions of high pressure and temperature.  
1.2 The procedures and methods in this guide are applicable for conducting mass loss corrosion, localized corrosion, and electrochemical tests as well as for use in environmentally induced cracking tests that need to be conducted under HP or HTHP conditions.  
1.3 The primary purpose for this guide is to promote consistency of corrosion test results. Furthermore, this guide will aid in the comparison of corrosion data between laboratories or testing organizations that utilize different equipment.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM G46-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Corrosion

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is important to be able to determine the extent of pitting, either in a service application in which it is necessary to predict the remaining life in a metal structure, or in laboratory test programs that are used to select the most pitting-resistant materials for service. The purpose of the study is crucial in determining the appropriate examination and evaluation steps.  
4.2 Some typical purposes of laboratory tests include, but are not limited to, evaluating performance of alloys, determining whether an alloy is resistant to the environment, evaluating how environmental conditions including corrosion inhibitor affect or prevent pitting, and evaluating whether a lot of metal is sufficiently resistant for its use in a particular application or environment.  
4.3 Some typical purposes of field studies include, but are not limited to, determining if pits are likely to grow and cause leak or release of process fluid, and assisting a determination of whether to replace or repair damage from pits (remaining life assessment).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection of procedures that can be used in the examination and evaluation of pitted metals. These procedures include both nondestructive and destructive approaches.  
1.2 The procedures covered in this guide include those that may be used in laboratory evaluations of corroded metal specimens and field examinations and inspections.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—In X1.2.1, mils per year (MPY) are regarded as standard for the target corrosion rate.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM G37-98(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Use of Mattsson's Solution of pH 7.2 to Evaluate the Stress-Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of Copper-Zinc Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test environment is believed to give an accelerated ranking of the relative or absolute degree of stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility for different brasses. It has been found to correlate well with the corresponding service ranking in environments that cause stress-corrosion cracking which is thought to be due to the combined presence of traces of moisture and ammonia vapor. The extent to which the accelerated ranking correlates with the ranking obtained after long-term exposure to environments containing corrodents other than ammonia is not at present known. Examples of such environments may be severe marine atmospheres (Cl−), severe industrial atmospheres (predominantly SO2), and super-heated ammonia-free steam.  
4.2 It is not possible at present to specify any particular time to failure (defined on the basis of any particular failure criteria) in pH 7.2 Mattsson’s solution that corresponds to a distinction between acceptable and unacceptable stress-corrosion behavior in brass alloys. Such particular correlations must be determined individually.  
4.3 Mattsson's solution of pH 7.2 may also cause stress independent general and intergranular corrosion of brasses to some extent. This leads to the possibility of confusing stress-corrosion failures with mechanical failures induced by corrosion-reduced net cross sections. This danger is particularly great with small cross section specimens, high applied stress levels, long exposure periods and stress-corrosion resistant alloys. Careful metallographic examination is recommended for correct diagnosis of the cause of failure. Alternatively, unstressed control specimens may be exposed to evaluate the extent to which stress independent corrosion degrades mechanical properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation and use of Mattsson’s solution of pH 7.2 as an accelerated stress-corrosion cracking test environment for brasses (copper-zinc base alloys). The variables (to the extent that these are known at present) that require control are described together with possible means for controlling and standardizing these variables.  
1.2 This practice is recommended only for brasses (copper-zinc base alloys). The use of this test environment is not recommended for other copper alloys since the results may be erroneous, providing completely misleading rankings. This is particularly true of alloys containing aluminum or nickel as deliberate alloying additions.  
1.3 This practice is intended primarily where the test objective is to determine the relative stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility of different brasses under the same or different stress conditions or to determine the absolute degree of stress corrosion cracking susceptibility, if any, of a particular brass or brass component under one or more specific stress conditions. Other legitimate test objectives for which this test solution may be used do, of course, exist. The tensile stresses present may be known or unknown, applied or residual. The practice may be applied to wrought brass products or components, brass castings, brass weldments, and so forth, and to all brasses. Strict environmental test conditions are stipulated for maximum assurance that apparent variations in stress-corrosion susceptibility are attributable to real variations in the material being tested or in the tensile stress level and not to environmental variations.  
1.4 This practice relates solely to the preparation and control of the test environment. No attempt is made to recommend surface preparation or finish, or both, as this may vary with the test objectives. Similarly, no attempt is made to recommend particular stress-corrosion test specimen configurations or methods of applying the stress. Test specimen configurations that may be used are referenced in Practice G30 and STP 425.2  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included ...

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ASTM
ASTM G186-05(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Whether Gas-Leak-Detector Fluid Solutions Can Cause Stress Corrosion Cracking of Brass Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Brass components are routinely used in compressed gas service for valves, pressure regulators, connectors and many other components. Although soft brass is not susceptible to ammonia SCC, work-hardened brass is susceptible if its hardness exceeds about 54 HR 30T (55HRB) (Rockwell scale). Normal assembly of brass components should not induce sufficient work hardening to cause susceptibility to ammonia SCC. However, it is has been observed that over-tightening of the components will render them susceptible to SCC, and the problem becomes more severe in older components that have been tightened many times. In this test, the specimens are obtained in the hardened condition and are strained beyond the elastic limit to accelerate the tendency towards SCC.  
5.2 It is normal practice to use LDFs to check pressurized systems to assure that leaking is not occurring. LDFs are usually aqueous solutions containing surfactants that will form bubbles at the site of a leak. If the LDF contains ammonia or other agent that can cause SCC in brass, serious damage can occur to the system that will compromise its safety and integrity.  
5.3 It is important to test LDFs to assure that they do not cause SCC of brass and to assure that the use of these products does not compromise the integrity of the pressure containing system.  
5.4 It has been found that corrosion of brass is necessary before SCC can occur. The reason for this is that the corrosion process results in cupric and cuprous ions accumulating in the electrolyte. Therefore, adding copper metal and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) to the aqueous solution accelerates the SCC process if agents that cause SCC are present. However, adding these components to a solution that does not cause SCC will not make stressed brass crack.  
5.5 Repeated application of the solution to the specimen followed by a drying period causes the components in the solution to concentrate thereby further increasing the rate of cracking. This also simulates se...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated test method for evaluating the tendency of gas leak detection fluids (LDFs) to cause stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of brass components in compressed gas service.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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