ASTM E143-02(2008)

Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Shear modulus is a material property useful in calculating compliance of structural materials in torsion provided they follow Hooke's law, that is, the angle of twist is proportional to the applied torque. Examples of the use of shear modulus are in the design of rotating shafts and helical compression springs.
Note 3—For materials that follow nonlinear elastic stress-strain behavior, the value of tangent or chord shear modulus is useful for estimating the change in torsional strain to corresponding stress for a specified stress or stress-range, respectively. Such determinations are, however, outside the scope of this standard. (See for example Ref (1).)  
The procedural steps and precision of the apparatus and the test specimens should be appropriate to the shape and the material type, since the method applies to a wide variety of materials and sizes.
Precise determination of shear modulus depends on the numerous variables that may affect such determinations.
These factors include characteristics of the specimen such as residual stress, concentricity, wall thickness in the case of tubes, deviation from nominal value, previous strain history and specimen dimension.  
Testing conditions that influence the results include: axial position of the specimen, temperature and temperature variations, and maintenance of the apparatus.
Interpretation of data also influences results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear modulus of structural materials. This test method is limited to materials in which, and to stresses at which, creep is negligible compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading. Elastic properties such as shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio are not determined routinely and are generally not specified in materials specifications. Precision and bias statements for these test methods are therefore not available.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2008
• ICS: 77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.04 - Uniaxial Testing

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E143-02 - Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature
• Effective Date: 01-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2207-15(2021) - Standard Practice for Strain-Controlled Axial-Torsional Fatigue Testing with Thin-Walled Tubular Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1793-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
• Effective Date: 01-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1783-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
• Effective Date: 01-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F3626-23 - Standard Guide for Additive Manufacturing — Test Artifacts — Accelerated Build Quality Assurance for Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB)
• Effective Date: 01-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F3122-14(2022) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical Properties of Metal Materials Made via Additive Manufacturing Processes
• Effective Date: 01-May-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E143 − 02(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
1
Shear Modulus at Room Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
−2
1. Scope 3.1.1 shear modulus [FL ] —the ratio of shear stress to
corresponding shear strain below the proportional limit, also
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear
called torsional modulus and modulus of rigidity. (See Fig. 1.)
modulus of structural materials. This test method is limited to
materialsinwhich,andtostressesatwhich,creepisnegligible
NOTE 1—The value of shear modulus may depend on the direction in
which it is measured if the material is not isotropic. Wood, many plastics
compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading.
and certain metals are markedly anisotropic. Deviations from isotropy
Elastic properties such as shear modulus, Young’s modulus,
should be suspected if the shear modulus, G, differs from that determined
and Poisson’s ratio are not determined routinely and are
by substituting independently measured values of Young’s modulus, E,
generally not specified in materials specifications. Precision
and Poisson’s ratio, µ in the relation
and bias statements for these test methods are therefore not
E
available.
G 5 (1)
2~11µ!
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
NOTE 2—In general, it is advisable, in reporting values of shear
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are modulus to state the stress range over which it is measured.
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
3.1.2 torque, [FL]—a moment (of forces) that produces or
information only and are not considered standard.
tends to produce rotation or torsion.
−2
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, 3.1.3 torsional stress [FL ]—the shear stress in a body, in
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to a plane normal to the axis or rotation, resulting from the
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its application of torque.
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to 3.1.4 angle of twist (torsion test)—the angle of relative
rotation measured in a plane normal to the torsion specimen’s
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. longitudinal axis over the gage length.
3.1.5 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
2. Referenced Documents
refer to Terminology E6.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Summary of Test Method
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8/E8MTest Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma- 4.1 The cylindrical or tubular test specimen is loaded either
terials incrementally or continuously by applying an external torque
E111Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus, so as to cause a uniform twist within the gage length.
and Chord Modulus 4.1.1 Changes in torque and the corresponding changes in
E1012Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci- angle of twist are determined either incrementally or continu-
men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial ously. The appropriate slope is then calculated from the shear
Force Application
stress-strain curve, which may be derived under conditions of
either increasing or decreasing torque (increasing from pre-
3. Terminology
torque to maximum torque or decreasing from maximum
3.1 Definitions: torque to pretorque).
5. Significance and Use
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on 5.1 Shear modulus is a material property useful in calculat-
Uniaxial Testing.
ing compliance of structural materials in torsion provided they
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally
followHooke’slaw,thatis,theangleoftwistisproportionalto
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E143– 02. DOI:
the applied torque. Examples of the use of shear modulus are
10.1520/E0143-02R08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
inthedesignofrotatingshaftsandhelicalcompressionsprings.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on NOTE 3—For materials that follow nonlinear elastic stress-strain
the ASTM website. behavior, the value of tangent or chord shear modulus is useful for
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consho
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E143 –01 Designation: E 143 – 02 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
1
Shear Modulus at Room Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear modulus of structural materials.This test method is limited to materials
inwhich,andtostressesatwhich,creepisnegligiblecomparedtothestrainproducedimmediatelyuponloading.Elasticproperties
such as shear modulus, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio are not determined routinely and are generally not specified in
materials specifications. Precision and bias statements for these test methods are therefore not available.
1.2Values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. SI units are provided for information only.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8/E8M Test Methods offor Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E 111 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus, and Chord Modulus
2
E1012 Practice for Specimen Alignment Under Tensile Loading Practice for Verification of Test Frame and Specimen
Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial Force Application
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
−2
3.1.1 shear modulus [FL ]—theratioofshearstresstocorrespondingshearstrainbelowtheproportionallimitofthematerial
(see —the ratio of shear stress to corresponding shear strain below the proportional limit, also called torsional modulus and
modulus of rigidity. (See Fig. 1). .)
NOTE 1—The value of shear modulus may depend on the direction in which it is measured if the material is not isotropic. Wood, many plastics and
certain metals are markedly anisotropic. Deviations from isotropy should be suspected if the shear modulus, G, differs from that determined by
substituting independently measured values of Young’s modulus, E, and Poisson’s ratio, µ in the relation
E
G 5 (1)
2~1 1 µ!
NOTE 2—In general, it is advisable, in reporting values of shear modulus to state the stress range over which it is measured.
3.1.2 torque, [FL]— a moment (of forces) that produces or tends to produce rotation or torsion.
−2
3.1.3 torsional stress [FL ]—theshearstressinabody,inaplanenormaltotheaxisorrotation,resultingfromtheapplication
of torque.
3.1.4 angle of twist (torsion test)— the angle of relative rotation measured in a plane normal to the torsion specimen’s
longitudinal axis over the gage length.
3.1.5 For definitions of other terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology E6.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE28onMechanicalTestingandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE28.03onElasticProperties.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2001. Published November 2001. Originally published as E143–59T. Last previous edition E143– 87(1998).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E28 on MechanicalTesting and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on UniaxialTesting.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E143– 02.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 03.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E 143 – 02 (2008)
FIG. 1 Shear Stress-Strain Diagram Showing a Straig
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E143 –02 Designation: E 143 – 02 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
1
Shear Modulus at Room Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear modulus of structural materials.This test method is limited to materials
inwhich,andtostressesatwhich,creepisnegligiblecomparedtothestrainproducedimmediatelyuponloading.Elasticproperties
such as shear modulus, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio are not determined routinely and are generally not specified in
materials specifications. Precision and bias statements for these test methods are therefore not available.
1.2Values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. SI units are provided for information only.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8/E8M Test Methods offor Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E 111 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus, and Chord Modulus
2
E1012 Practice for Specimen Alignment Under Tensile Loading Practice for Verification of Test Frame and Specimen
Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial Force Application
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
−2
3.1.1 shear modulus [FL ] —the ratio of shear stress to corresponding shear strain below the proportional limit, also called
torsional modulus and modulus of rigidity. (See Fig. 1.)
NOTE 1—The value of shear modulus may depend on the direction in which it is measured if the material is not isotropic. Wood, many plastics and
certain metals are markedly anisotropic. Deviations from isotropy should be suspected if the shear modulus, G, differs from that determined by
substituting independently measured values of Young’s modulus, E, and Poisson’s ratio, µ in the relation
E
G 5 (1)
2 1 1 µ
~ !
NOTE 2—In general, it is advisable, in reporting values of shear modulus to state the stress range over which it is measured.
3.1.2 torque, [FL]— a moment (of forces) that produces or tends to produce rotation or torsion.
−2
3.1.3 torsional stress [FL ]—theshearstressinabody,inaplanenormaltotheaxisorrotation,resultingfromtheapplication
of torque.
3.1.4 angle of twist (torsion test)— the angle of relative rotation measured in a plane normal to the torsion specimen’s
longitudinal axis over the gage length.
3.1.5 For definitions of other terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology E6.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The cylindrical or tubular test specimen is loaded either incrementally or continuously by applying an external torque so
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E28 on MechanicalTesting and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on UniaxialTesting.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E143– 01.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E143– 02.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 03.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E 143 – 02 (2008)
FIG. 1 Shear Stress-Strain Diagram Showing a Straight Line, Corresponding to the Shear Modulus, BetweenR , a Pretorque Stress,
...