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ASTM D473-07(2017)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method

Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A knowledge of the sediment content of crude oils and fuel oils is important both to the operation of refining and the buying or selling of these commodities.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of sediment in crude oils and fuel oils by extraction with toluene. The precision applies to a range of sediment levels from 0.01 % to 0.40 % mass, although higher levels may be determined.
Note 1: Precision on recycled oils and crankcase oils is unknown and additional testing is required to determine that precision.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 5.1.1.6 and 6.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2017
ICS
75.040 - Crude petroleum
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.02 - Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API)
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D473-07(2012)e1 - Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method
Effective Date
01-Jun-2017
Referred By
ASTM G205-16 - Standard Guide for Determining Emulsion Properties, Wetting Behavior, and Corrosion-Inhibitory Properties of Crude Oils
Effective Date
01-Jun-2017
Referred By
ASTM D396-21 - Standard Specification for Fuel Oils
Effective Date
01-Jun-2017
Referred By
ASTM D6448-16(2022) - Standard Specification for Industrial Burner Fuels from Used Lubricating Oils
Effective Date
01-Jun-2017
Referred By
ASTM D6823-08(2021) - Standard Specification for Commercial Boiler Fuels With Used Lubricating Oils
Effective Date
01-Jun-2017
Referred By
ASTM D5439-95(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Sediment in Moellon
Effective Date
01-Jun-2017
Referred By
ASTM D4807-05(2020) - Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oil by Membrane Filtration
Effective Date
01-Jun-2017
Referred By
ASTM D7666-12(2019) - Standard Specification for Triglyceride Burner Fuel
Effective Date
01-Jun-2017
Referred By
ASTM D128-98(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Lubricating Grease
Effective Date
01-Jun-2017

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ASTM D473-07(2017) - Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction MethodASTM D473-07(2017) - Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D473 − 07 (Reapproved 2017)
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 10.1
Standard Test Method for
Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction
1
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.2)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of sediment
D5854Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
in crude oils and fuel oils by extraction with toluene. The
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chap-
precision applies to a range of sediment levels from 0.01% to
ter 8.3)
0.40% mass, although higher levels may be determined.
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
NOTE 1—Precision on recycled oils and crankcase oils is unknown and
Determine Conformance with Specifications
additional testing is required to determine that precision. 3
2.2 API Standards:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Chapter 8.1Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Products (ASTM Practice D4057)
standard.
Chapter 8.2Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petro-
leum Products (ASTM Practice D4177)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Chapter 8.3Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D5854)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4
2.3 ISO Standard:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
5272 Toluene for industrial use—Specifications
warning statements, see 5.1.1.6 and 6.1.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3. Summary of Test Method
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1 Extract test portion of a representative oil sample,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
contained in a refractory thimble, with hot toluene until the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
residue reaches constant mass.The mass of residue, calculated
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
as a percentage, is reported as sediment by extraction.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 A knowledge of the sediment content of crude oils and
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fuel oils is important both to the operation of refining and the
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
buying or selling of these commodities.
Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.1)
5. Apparatus
5.1 Usuallaboratoryapparatusandglassware,togetherwith
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
the following are required for this test method.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on
5.1.1 Extraction Apparatus—Usetheapparatusillustratedin
Petroleum Measurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02
Figs. 1 and 2 and consisting of the elements described in
/COMQ on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API).
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2017.PublishedJuly2017.Originallyapproved
5.1.1.1 – 5.1.1.3.
ɛ1
in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D473–07 (2012) . DOI:
10.1520/D0473-07R17.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://api-ec.api.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
© Jointly copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA and the American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L Street NW, Washington DC 20005, USA
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D473 − 07 (2017)
NOTE 1—Apparatus B shows the water cup in position.
FIG. 1 Extraction Apparatus for Determination of Sediment
5.1.1.1 Extraction Flask—Use a wide-neck (Erlenmeyer) means of a basket so that it hangs approximately midway
flask of 1L capacity, with a minimum external neck diam
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D473 − 07 (Reapproved 2012) D473 − 07 (Reapproved 2017)
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 10.1
Standard Test Method for
Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction
1
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—IP information was removed editorially in March 2016.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of sediment in crude oils and fuel oils by extraction with toluene. The precision
applies to a range of sediment levels from 0.010.01 % to 0.40 % mass, although higher levels may be determined.
NOTE 1—Precision on recycled oils and crankcase oils is unknown and additional testing is required to determine that precision.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 5.1.1.6 and 6.1.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.1)
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.2)
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.3)
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
3
2.2 API Standards:
Chapter 8.1 Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4057)
Chapter 8.2 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4177)
Chapter 8.3 Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D5854)
4
2.3 ISO Standard:
5272 Toluene for industrial use—Specifications
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Extract test portion of a representative oil sample, contained in a refractory thimble, with hot toluene until the residue
reaches constant mass. The mass of residue, calculated as a percentage, is reported as sediment by extraction.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum
Measurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API).
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012June 1, 2017. Published December 2012July 2017. Originally approved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
ɛ1
D473D473 – 07 (2012) –07. DOI: 10.1520/D0473-07R12E01.10.1520/D0473-07R17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://api-ec.api.org.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
© Jointly copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA and the American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L Street NW, Washington DC 20005, USA
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D473 − 07 (2017)
NOTE 1—Apparatus B shows the water cup in position.
FIG. 1 Extraction Apparatus for Determination of Sediment
4. Significance and Use
4.1 A knowledge of the sediment content of crude oils and fuel oils is important both to the operation of refining and the buyi
...

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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5708-15(2020)e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, and Iron in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Atomic Emission Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods cover, in single procedures, the determination of Ni, V, and Fe in crude oils and residual oils. These test methods complement Test Method D1548, which covers only the determination of vanadium.  
4.2 When fuels are combusted, vanadium present in the fuel can form corrosive compounds. The value of crude oils can be determined, in part, by the concentrations of nickel, vanadium, and iron. Nickel and vanadium, present at trace levels in petroleum fractions, can deactivate catalysts during processing. These test methods provide a means of determining the concentrations of nickel, vanadium, and iron.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of nickel, vanadium, and iron in crude oils and residual fuels by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic emission spectrometry. Two different test methods are presented.  
1.2 Test Method A (Sections 7 – 11 and 18 – 22)—ICP is used to analyze a sample dissolved in an organic solvent. This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration and does not purport to quantitatively determine or detect insoluble particulates.  
1.3 Test Method B (Sections 12 – 22)—ICP is used to analyze a sample that is decomposed with acid.  
1.4 The concentration ranges covered by these test methods are determined by the sensitivity of the instruments, the amount of sample taken for analysis, and the dilution volume. A specific statement is given in 15.2. Typically, the low concentration limits are a few tenths of a milligram per kilogram. Precision data are provided for the concentration ranges specified in Section 21.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1210-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Lakes and Large Water Bodies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is meant to aid response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.  
3.2 This guide should be adapted to site specific circumstance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. The guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response.  
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. Chemical dispersants should be given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures.  
1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. The dispersibility of the oil with the chosen dispersant should be evaluated.  
1.4 The guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts).  
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters.  
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.  
1.7 This guide does not address getting regulatory approval.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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