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ASTM E1252-98(2007)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis

Standard Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Infrared spectroscopy is the most widely used technique for identifying organic and inorganic materials. This practice describes methods for the proper application of infrared spectroscopy.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the spectral range from 4000 to 50 cm−1 and includes techniques that are useful for qualitative analysis of liquid-, solid-, and vapor-phase samples by infrared spectrometric techniques for which the amount of sample available for analysis is not a limiting factor. These techniques are often also useful for recording spectra at frequencies higher than 4000 cm–1, in the near-infrared region.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in 6.5.1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2007
ICS
71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
Technical Committee
E13 - Molecular Spectroscopy and Separation Science
Drafting Committee
E13.03 - Infrared and Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1252-98(2002) - Standard Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM E3045-22 - Standard Practice for Crack Detection Using Vibroacoustic Thermography
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM E168-16(2023) - Standard Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quantitative Analysis
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5577-19 - Standard Guide for Techniques to Separate and Identify Contaminants in Recycled Plastics
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D8438/D8438M-23 - Standard Test Methods for Use of Hyperspectral Sensors for Soil Nutrient Analysis of Ground Based Samples
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM F2579-18 - Standard Specification for Amorphous Poly(lactide) and Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Resins for Surgical Implants
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM E1944-98(2021) - Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Laboratory Fourier Transform Near-Infrared (FT-NIR) Spectrometers: Level Zero and Level One Tests
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM C494/C494M-19e1 - Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM F1925-22 - Standard Specification for Semi-Crystalline Poly(lactide) Polymer and Copolymer Resins for Surgical Implants
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM E1790-04(2016)e1 - Standard Practice for Near Infrared Qualitative Analysis
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM E1642-00(2016) - Standard Practice for General Techniques of Gas Chromatography Infrared (GC/IR) Analysis
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM E932-89(2021) - Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Dispersive Infrared Spectrometers
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6348-12(2020) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Gaseous Compounds by Extractive Direct Interface Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM E334-01(2021) - Standard Practice for General Techniques of Infrared Microanalysis
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM F2313-18 - Standard Specification for Poly(glycolide) and Poly(glycolide-co-lactide) Resins for Surgical Implants with Mole Fractions Greater Than or Equal to 70 % Glycolide
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007

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ASTM E1252-98(2007) - Standard Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for Qualitative AnalysisASTM E1252-98(2007) - Standard Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis
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ASTM E1252-98(2007) - Standard Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1252 − 98 (Reapproved2007)
Standard Practice for
General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for
1
Qualitative Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1252; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsandsymbols,refer
1.1 This practice covers the spectral range from 4000 to 50
−1
to Terminology E131.
cm and includes techniques that are useful for qualitative
analysisofliquid-,solid-,andvapor-phasesamplesbyinfrared
4. Significance and Use
spectrometric techniques for which the amount of sample
4.1 Infraredspectroscopyisthemostwidelyusedtechnique
available for analysis is not a limiting factor.These techniques
for identifying organic and inorganic materials. This practice
areoftenalsousefulforrecordingspectraatfrequencieshigher
–1 describes methods for the proper application of infrared
than 4000 cm , in the near-infrared region.
spectroscopy.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. General
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Infrared (IR) qualitative analysis is carried out by
3
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
functional group identification (1-3) or by the comparison of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau- IR absorption spectra of unknown materials with those of
tions are given in 6.5.1.
known reference materials, or both.These spectra are obtained
(4-8) through transmission, reflection, and other techniques,
2. Referenced Documents such as photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS). Spectra that are to
be compared should be obtained by the same technique and
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
under the same conditions. Users of published reference
E131Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
spectra (9-16) should be aware that not all of these spectra are
E168Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-
fully validated.
tative Analysis
5.1.1 Instrumentation and accessories for infrared qualita-
E334Practice for General Techniques of Infrared Micro-
tive analysis are commercially available. The manufacturer’s
analysis
manual should be followed to ensure optimum performance
E573Practices for Internal Reflection Spectroscopy
and safety.
E932PracticeforDescribingandMeasuringPerformanceof
5.2 Transmission spectra are obtained by placing a thin
Dispersive Infrared Spectrometers
uniform layer of the sample perpendicular to the infrared
E1421Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
radiation path (see 9.5.1 for exception in order to eliminate
of Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) Spectrom-
interference fringes for thin films). The sample thickness must
eters: Level Zero and Level One Tests
be adequate to cause a decrease in the radiant power reaching
E1642Practice for General Techniques of Gas Chromatog-
the detector at the absorption frequencies used in the analysis.
raphy Infrared (GC/IR) Analysis
For best results, the absorbance of the strongest bands should
be in the range from 1 to 2, and several bands should have
absorbances of 0.6 units or more. There are exceptions to this
1
generalization based on the polarity of the molecules being
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E13 on Molecular
Spectroscopy and Separation Science and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
measured. For example, saturated hydrocarbons are nonpolar,
mittee E13.03 on Infrared and Near Infrared Spectroscopy.
and their identifying bands are not strong enough unless the
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originally
−1
C-Hstretchat2920cm isopaqueandthedeformationbands
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E1252–98(2002).
DOI: 10.1520/E1252-98R07. are in the range from 1.5 to 2.0 absorbance units (A) at 1440
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1252 − 98 (2007)
−1
to 1460 cm . Spectra with different amounts of sample in the radiation beam passes through the film. The film thickness is
radiation path may be required to perm
...

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