ASTM D5953M-96(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Non-Methane Organic Compounds (NMOC) in Ambient Air Using Cryogenic Preconcentration and Direct Flame Ionization Detection Method (Metric)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Non-Methane Organic Compounds (NMOC) in Ambient Air Using Cryogenic Preconcentration and Direct Flame Ionization Detection Method (Metric)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Many industrial processes require determination of NMOC in the atmosphere.
Accurate measurements of ambient concentrations of NMOC are important for the control of photochemical smog because these organic compounds are primary precursors of atmospheric ozone and other oxidants (7, 8).
The NMOC concentrations typically found at urban sites may range up to 1 to 3 ppm C or higher. In order to determine transport of precursors into an area, measurement of NMOC upwind of the area may be necessary. Rural NMOC concentrations originating from areas free from NMOC sources are likely to be less than a few tenths of 1 ppm C.
Conventional test methods that depend on gas chromatography and qualitative and quantitative species evaluation are excessively difficult and expensive to operate and maintain when speciated measurements are not needed. The test method described here involves a simple, cryogenic preconcentration procedure with subsequent direct detection with the FID. The test method is sensitive and provides accurate measurements of ambient total NMOC concentrations where speciated data are not required.
An application of the test method is the monitoring of the cleanliness of canisters.
Another use of the test method is the screening of canister samples prior to analysis.
Collection of ambient air samples in pressurized canisters provides the following advantages:
Convenient integration of ambient samples over a specific time period,
Capability of remote sampling with subsequent central laboratory analysis,
Ability to ship and store samples, if necessary,
Unattended sample collection,
Analysis of samples from multiple sites with one analytical system,
Collection of replicate samples for assessment of measurement precision, and
Specific hydrocarbon analysis can be performed with the same sample system.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for sampling and determining concentrations of non-methane organic compounds (NMOC) in ambient, indoor, or workplace atmospheres.
1.2 The test method describes the collection of cumulative samples in passivated stainless steel canisters and subsequent laboratory analysis.
1.2.1 This test method describes a procedure for sampling in canisters at final pressures above atmospheric pressure (referred to as pressurized sampling).
1.3 This test method employs a cryogenic trapping procedure for concentration of the NMOC prior to analysis.
1.4 This test method describes the determination of the NMOC by the simple flame ionization detector (FID), without the gas chromatographic columns and complex procedures necessary for species separation.
1.5 The range of this test method is from 20 to 10 000 ppbC (1, 2). See for procedures for lowering the range.
1.6 The test method may yield less accurate results for some halogenated or oxygenated hydrocarbons emitted from nearby sources of industrial air pollutants. This is especially true if there are high concentrations of chlorocarbons or chlorofluorocarbons present.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5953M − 96(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Non-Methane Organic Compounds (NMOC)
in Ambient Air Using Cryogenic Preconcentration and Direct
1
Flame Ionization Detection Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5953M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for sampling and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
determining concentrations of non-methane organic com-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
pounds (NMOC) in ambient, indoor, or workplace atmo-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
spheres.
1.2 The test method describes the collection of cumulative 2. Referenced Documents
samples in passivated stainless steel canisters and subsequent
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
laboratory analysis.
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
1.2.1 Thistestmethoddescribesaprocedureforsamplingin
D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
canisters at final pressures above atmospheric pressure (re-
Atmospheres
ferred to as pressurized sampling).
D1357Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient
Atmosphere
1.3 This test method employs a cryogenic trapping proce-
D5466Test Method for Determination of Volatile Organic
dure for concentration of the NMOC prior to analysis.
Chemicals inAtmospheres (Canister Sampling Methodol-
1.4 This test method describes the determination of the
ogy)
NMOC by the simple flame ionization detector (FID), without
the gas chromatographic columns and complex procedures
3. Terminology
necessary for species separation.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.5 Therangeofthistestmethodisfrom20to10000ppbC
method, refer to Terminology D1356.
3
(1, 2). See for procedures for lowering the range.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.6 Thetestmethodmayyieldlessaccurateresultsforsome
3.2.1 cryogen—a refrigerant used to obtain very low tem-
halogenated or oxygenated hydrocarbons emitted from nearby
peratures in the cryogenic traps of the analytical system.
sources of industrial air pollutants. This is especially true if
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Liquidargon(bp−185.7°Catstandard
there are high concentrations of chlorocarbons or chlorofluo-
pressure) is recommended for this test method. Cryogens with
rocarbons present.
lower boiling points, such as liquid nitrogen, should not be
used because of possible trapping of oxygen from the sample
1.7 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
air, which might lead to the possibility of an explosion or fire.
In addition, methane would be trapped.
3.2.2 dynamic calibration—calibration of an analytical sys-
1
This is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is
tem with pollutant concentrations that are generated in a
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheres and
Source Emissions.
dynamic, flowing system, such as by quantitative, flow-rate
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
dilution of a high-concentration gas standard with zero gas.
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D5953M-96 (2001).
DOI: 10.1520/D5953M-96R09.
3.2.3 NMOC—non-methane organic compounds.
2
This test method is based on EPA Method TO-12: “Determination of Non-
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Total non-methane organic compounds
Methane Organic Compounds (NMOC) in Ambient Air Using Cryogenic Pre-
Concentration and Direct Flame Ionization Detection (PDFID)”, Compendium of
Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air,EPA
4
600 4-89-017, U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, ResearchTriangle Park, NC, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
March 1990. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5953M − 96 (2009)
are those compounds measured by a flame ionization detector, 5. Significance and Use
excluding methane and compounds with vapor pressure above
5.1 Many industrial processes require determination of
−2
10 kPa, recovered from the canis
...
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