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ASTM D4304-17

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines

Standard Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines

ABSTRACT
This specification covers mineral lubricating oils used in steam and gas turbine lubricating systems where the performance requirements demand a highly refined mineral base oil compounded with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus selected additives as needed to control foam, wear, demulsibility, and so forth. This specification is intended to define the properties of new mineral oil-based turbine lubricating oils that are functionally interchangeable with existing oils of this type, are compatible with most existing machinery components, and with appropriate field maintenance, will maintain their functional characteristics. The lubricating oils shall meet the functional property limits specified for each type, as follows: ISO-viscosity grade; ASTM color; specific gravity, flash point, and pour point; water content and viscosity; visual examination; total acid number; emulsion characteristics; foaming characteristics; air release; rust preventing characteristics; copper corrosion; oxidation stability; 1000-h TOST sludge and total acid number; and cleanliness at the delivery stage.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers mineral and synthetic (API group I, II, III, or IV) oils used in steam and gas turbine lubrication systems where the performance requirements demand highly refined mineral or synthetic base oils compounded with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus selected additives as needed to control foam, wear, demulsibility, and so forth. This standard may also be applied to “combined cycle” turbine systems, where a single lubricant circulating system is used to supply oil to a steam and gas turbine configured in tandem either on a single or separate shaft for enhanced energy efficiency.  
1.2 This specification is intended to define the properties of mineral and synthetic oil-based turbine lubricating oils that are functionally interchangeable with existing oils of this type, are compatible with most existing machinery components, and with appropriate field maintenance, will maintain their functional characteristics.  
1.3 This specification is intended to define only new lubricating oil before it is installed in the machinery.  
1.4 This specification is intended to be used as a guide. It is possible that oils that do not meet this specification may perform satisfactorily in some turbines.  
1.5 This specification does not include API Group V fluids. For polyol ester fluids used to lubricate land-based gas turbines, the user is referred to the current version of military specification MIL-PRF-23699 for fluid performance requirements. For phosphate ester fluids used as turbine lubricants or steam turbine electro-hydraulic control (EHC) fluids, the user is referred to the current version of Specification D4293 for fluid performance requirements.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2017
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.C0.01 - Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D4304-17 - Standard Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas TurbinesASTM D4304-17 - Standard Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines
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REDLINE ASTM D4304-17 - Standard Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas TurbinesREDLINE ASTM D4304-17 - Standard Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4304 −17
Standard Specification for
Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas
1
Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4304; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This specification covers mineral and synthetic (API
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
group I, II, III, or IV) oils used in steam and gas turbine
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
lubrication systems where the performance requirements de-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
mandhighlyrefinedmineralorsyntheticbaseoilscompounded
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus selected additives as
needed to control foam, wear, demulsibility, and so forth. This
2. Referenced Documents
standard may also be applied to “combined cycle” turbine
2
systems, where a single lubricant circulating system is used to 2.1 ASTM Standards:
supply oil to a steam and gas turbine configured in tandem D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
either on a single or separate shaft for enhanced energy Open Cup Tester
efficiency. D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
1.2 This specification is intended to define the properties of
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
mineral and synthetic oil-based turbine lubricating oils that are
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
functionally interchangeable with existing oils of this type, are
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
compatible with most existing machinery components, and
ity)
with appropriate field maintenance, will maintain their func-
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
tional characteristics.
by Potentiometric Titration
1.3 This specification is intended to define only new lubri-
D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of
cating oil before it is installed in the machinery.
Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
1.4 This specification is intended to be used as a guide. It is D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-
ing Oils
possible that oils that do not meet this specification may
perform satisfactorily in some turbines. D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited
Mineral Oils
1.5 This specification does not includeAPI Group V fluids.
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
For polyol ester fluids used to lubricate land-based gas
Indicator Titration
turbines, the user is referred to the current version of military
D1401 TestMethodforWaterSeparabilityofPetroleumOils
specification MIL-PRF-23699 for fluid performance require-
and Synthetic Fluids
ments. For phosphate ester fluids used as turbine lubricants or
D1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
steam turbine electro-hydraulic control (EHC) fluids, the user
(ASTM Color Scale)
is referred to the current version of Specification D4293 for
D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-
fluid performance requirements.
bine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
cosity System
standard.
D3339 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Products
by Semi-Micro Color Indicator Titration
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.C0.01 on Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4304 – 13. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4304-17. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4304−17
D3427 Test Method forAir Release Properties of Hydrocar- characteristic. Type I oils are generally satisfactory for turbine
bon Based Oils sets where beari
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4304 − 13 D4304 − 17
Standard Specification for
Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas
1
Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4304; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers mineral and synthetic (API group I, II, III, or IV) oils used in steam and gas turbine lubrication
systems where the performance requirements demand highly refined mineral or synthetic base oils compounded with rust and
oxidation inhibitors plus selected additives as needed to control foam, wear, demulsibility, and so forth. This standard may also
be applied to “combined cycle” turbine systems, where a single lubricant circulating system is used to supply oil to a steam and
gas turbine configured in tandem either on a single or separate shaft for enhanced energy efficiency.
1.2 This specification is intended to define the properties of mineral and synthetic oil-based turbine lubricating oils that are
functionally interchangeable with existing oils of this type, are compatible with most existing machinery components, and with
appropriate field maintenance, will maintain their functional characteristics.
1.3 This specification is intended to define only new lubricating oil before it is installed in the machinery.
1.4 This specification is intended to be used as a guide. It is possible that oils that do not meet this specification may perform
satisfactorily in some turbines.
1.5 This specification does not include API Group V fluids. For polyol ester fluids used to lubricate land-based gas turbines, the
user is referred to the current version of military specification MIL-PRF-23699 for fluid performance requirements. For phosphate
ester fluids used as turbine lubricants or steam turbine electro-hydraulic control (EHC) fluids, the user is referred to the current
version of Specification D4293 for fluid performance requirements.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oils
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration
D1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Turbine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.C0.01 on Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013June 1, 2017. Published October 2013 June 2017. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20062013 as
D4304 – 06a.D4304 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D4304-06A.10.1520/D4304-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 -----------
...

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ASTM D6792-23c(Practice)
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1.1 This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil. Oxidation, nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are monitored as evidence of degradation. The objective of this monitoring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on fault conditions observed in the oil. Measurement and data interpretation parameters are presented to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compare results by employing the same techniques.  
1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of t...

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ASTM
ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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