ASTM E631-93a(1998)e1
(Terminology)Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
SCOPE
1.1 This standard consists of terms and definitions pertaining to the field of buildings, and in particular, terms related to the standards generated by ASTM Committee E-6 on Performance of Buildings.
1.2 The purpose of this Terminology is to provide meanings and explanations of technical terms in the buildings field, written for both the non-expert and the expert user.
1.3 This comprehensive Terminology standard contains all ASTM standardized definitions generated in ASTM Committee E-6. There are also subsidiary terminology standards. These special classes of terminology are grouped for convenient use (see Section 2). Some subsidiary terminology standards appear in this comprehensive standard.
1.4 Terms are listed in alphabetical sequence. Compound terms appear in the natural spoken order. To show the relationships in certain families of concepts, groups of narrower terms and their definitions are grouped under the definition of the broader term. Each such sub-entry is listed also (in italics) with a cross-reference to the special class.
1.5 Certain standard definitions herein are adopted from other sources. Each is an exact copy. The source is identified at the right margin following the definition, and is listed in Section 2.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation:E631–93a (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Terminology of
Building Constructions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 631; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Definitions from other E6 standards were editorially incorporated into this standard in August 2000.
1. Scope E 833 Terminology of Building Economics
1.1 This standard consists of terms and definitions pertain-
3. Terminology
ing to the field of buildings, and in particular, terms related to
3.1 Symbols:
the standards generated by ASTM Committee E-6 on Perfor-
mance of Buildings.
a—height of cantilevered shear wall, in metres (feet).
1.2 The purpose of this Terminology is to provide meanings
b—length of cantilevered shear wall, in metres (feet).
and explanations of technical terms in the buildings field, 2 2
C—initial length of the diagonal =a 1 b , in metres (feet).
written for both the non-expert and the expert user.
d—diagonal elongation, in millimetres (inches).
1.3 This comprehensive Terminology standard contains all
D—total horizontal displacement of the top of the wall
ASTM standardized definitions generated in ASTM Commit-
measured with respect to the test apparatus, in millimetres
teeE-6.Therearealsosubsidiaryterminologystandards.These
(inches). This value includes effects due to panel rotation,
special classes of terminology are grouped for convenient use
translation, and shear.
(see Section 2). Some subsidiary terminology standards appear
E—modulus of elasticity of flange or web material, depending
in this comprehensive standard.
upon which material is held constant in a transformed
1.4 Terms are listed in alphabetical sequence. Compound
section analysis, psi (or MPa)
terms appear in the natural spoken order. To show the relation-
G—shear modulus of the web material, psi (or MPa)
ships in certain families of concepts, groups of narrower terms
G*—shear stiffness of the diaphragm obtained from test
and their definitions are grouped under the definition of the
(includes shear deformation factor for the connection sys-
broaderterm.Eachsuchsub-entryislistedalso(in italics)with
tem), lbf/in. (or N/mm)
a cross-reference to the special class.
G—shear stiffness obtained from test, in newtons per metre
1.5 Certain standard definitions herein are adopted from
(pound-force per inch).
other sources. Each is an exact copy.The source is identified at
G*—global shear stiffness, includes rotation and translational
the right margin following the definition, and is listed in
displacements as well as diaphragm shear displacement.
Section 2.
G* —internal shear stiffness, includes only the shear dis-
int
placement of the wall in calculation.
2. Referenced Documents
I—moment of inertia of the transformed section of the dia-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4 4
phragm based on webs or flanges, in. (or mm )
C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulating Materi-
L—total span of a simply supported diaphragm, in. (or mm)
als
P—concentrated load, lbf (or N)
C 755 PracticeforSelectionofVaporRetardersforThermal
P—concentrated load applied at the top edge of the wall at the
Insulation
selected reference displacement, in newtons (pound-force).
E 96 Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-
P —highest load level held long enough to record gage
2 u
rials
measurements, in newtons (pound-force).
R —maximum diaphragm reaction, lbf (or N)
u
S —ultimate shear strength of the diaphragm, lbf/ft (or N/m)
u
a—span length of cantilever diaphragm, in. (or mm)
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-6 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.94
b—depth of diaphragm, in. (or mm)
on Terminology and Editorial.
t—thickness of web material, in. (or mm)
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1993. Published October 1993. Originally
w—uniform load, lbf/in. (or N/mm)
published as E 631 – 78. Last previous edition E 631 – 93.
Those terms formerly contained in Definitions E 540 – 77 are now contained in
this terminology.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E631
D —bending deflection of diaphragm, in. (or mm) adhesives.) E1749
b
D —empirical expression for that portion of the diaphragm core splice adhesive—a film adhesive, capable of expansion
k
deflection contributed by the shear deformation of the
of at least 175 % of its original thickness, used primarily to
connection system, in. (or mm) join or splice together two or more separate sections of core
D —pure shear deformation of diaphragm, in. (or mm)
material in sandwich constructions. E1749
s
D *—apparent total shear deformation of the diaphragm based foamed adhesive—an adhesive, the apparent density of
s
on test (see 8.1.2.2), in. (or mm). This factor includes both
which has been decreased substantially by the presence of
the pure shear deformation and that contributed by distortion numerous gaseous cells dispersed throughout its mass.
of the connection system.
E1749
D —total deflection of diaphragm, in. (or mm)
supported film adhesive—an adhesive material incorporat-
t
D —deformation measured at Point 1, 2,---,in.(ormm)
ing a carrier that remains in the bond when the adhesive is
1,2,
3.2 Terms and Their Definitions: employed; carrier support material is usually composed of
absolute sealing—a level of sealing that requires all seams,
organic/inorganic fibers which may be in woven (knit) or
slots, holes, and fasteners passing through the seal plane to nonwoven (mat) form. E1749
be sealed. E1749
unsupported film adhesive—an adhesive material in film
abrasion resistance (coatings)—ability of a coating to resist
form without a carrier support. E1749
being worn away and to maintain its original appearance,
adhesive, contact—an adhesive that is apparently dry to the
integrity, and structure when subjected to rubbing, scraping,
touch and that will adhere to itself instantaneously upon
or wear. E1605
contact. E1749
accelerated test—See test, accelerated. E1749
adjusted internal rate-of-return (AIRR)—the compound
accessible surface—interior or exterior surface (usually up to
rate of interest that, when used to discount the terminal
5ft(1.5m)fromfloororground)thatisaccessibleforyoung
values of costs and benefits of a project over a given study
child to mouth or chew. See also chewable surface.
period, will make the costs equal the benefits when cash
E1605
flows are reinvested at a specified rate. (Syn. financial
accreditation, n—official authorization, approval, or recogni-
management rate of return (FMRR)) E833
tion accorded an individual or organization based upon
adjusted serviceability score—See serviceability score.
specific qualification.
E1480
administrative removal—(of workers), temporary removal of
DISCUSSION—In specific use, it is necessary to include an identifica-
workers from a job site prior to blood-lead levels reaching
tion of the type, scope, and limitations of the accreditation, and by
whom granted. values requiring medical removal. E1605
aged insulation value—thermal resistance (R-value) of a
accuracy, n—degree of conformity of a measured or calcu-
thermal insulation material as determined after standard
lated value to some recognized standard or specified value.
conditioning to simulate service exposure.
E1605
air-changerate—air-leakage in volume units per hour divided
DISCUSSION—This concept involves the systematic error of an opera-
by the building space volume with identical volume units
tion, which is usually measurable. Compare precision.
(normally expressed as air changes per hour, ACH or
ACPH). E779
ACH ,n—the ratio of the air leakage rate at 50 Pa (0.2 in.
air exfiltration—air leakage out of the building driven by
H O), corrected for a standard air density, to the volume of
negative pressure. E1677
the test zone (1/h). E1827
negative pressure—air pressure on the outdoor side of a
acid rain—rain having a pH of less than 5.65.
building envelope lower than on the indoor side. E1677
DISCUSSION—The pH of distilled water in equilibrium with carbon
air-handling unit—the distribution-system fan and portion of
dioxide under laboratory conditions is 5.6.
the distribution system that is integral to the furnace,
active hours—See hours of operation. E1480
air-conditioner, or heat-pump. E1554
active solar energy system—See building subsystem.
airinfiltration—air leakage into the building drive by positive
adapt—See building modification.
pressure. E1677
add—See building modification.
positive pressure—air pressure on the outdoor side of a
adhesive—a substance capable of holding materials together
building envelope higher than on the indoor side. E1677
by means of surface attachment. E1749
air leakage, n—in buildings, the passage of uncontrolled air
cold setting adhesive—an adhesive which sets at tempera-
through cracks or openings in the building envelope or its
tures below 20°C (68°F). E1749
components, such as ducts, because of air pressure or
contact pressure adhesive—a resinous adhesive which is
temperature difference.
aggressivelyandpermanentlytackyatroomtemperatureand
air leakage—the movement/flow of air through the building
adheres to a variety of surfaces upon contact with a
envelope, which is driven by either or both positive (infil-
minimum of pressure required. (Syn. pressure-sensitive
tration) and negative (exfiltration) pressure differences
across the envelope. E1677
DISCUSSION—These pressure differences are caused by wind, me-
Boldface terms are defined in this terminology. chanical systems, and temperature differences (stack effect).
E631
air-leakage graph—the graph that shows the relationship of is bonded, thus electrolytically protecting the core alloy
measured air flow rates to the corresponding measured against corrosion. E1749
pressure differences (usually plotted on a log-log scale).
alter—See building modification.
E779
ambient light—See lighting. E1480
air leakage rate, Q , n—the total volume of air passing
env analysis run—a period of measurement time on a given
through the test zone envelope per unit of time (m /s,
instrument during which data is calculated from a single
ft /min). E1827
calibration curve (or single set of curves). Recalibration of a
air-leakage rate—the volume of air movement per unit time
given instrument produces a new analysis run. E1613
across the building envelope. E779
anchor, n—a device used to connect securely a building
component to adjoining construction, to a supporting mem-
NOTE 1—This movement includes flow through joints, cracks, and
ber, or to the ground.
porous surfaces, or combination thereof. The driving force for such an air
leakage in service can be either mechanical pressurization and de-
anchorage, n—a means of connecting securely, by using an
pressurization, natural wind pressures, or air temperatures differentials
anchor,a building component to adjoining construction,
between the building interior and the outdoors, or combination thereof.
supporting member(s), or to the ground.
anchorage system—a group of interacting elements, compo-
air leakage rate—the time rate of air flow across the air
nents, and structures.
retarder. Expressed as cubic feet per minute per square foot
anchoring system—a group of interacting anchors and ele-
of AR surface at a stated pressure differential across the AR
ments.
expressed in inches of H O. (Cubic meters per second per
angle of placement of metal connector plate—angle of
square meter of AR surface at a pressure differential in
Pascals.) E1677 inclination of lengthwise axis of metal connector plate
parallel to longitudinal axis of coiled metal strip, that is,
air leakage rate—the volume of air movement per unit time
across the building envelope. This movement includes flow main direction of metal connector plate to direction of
test-load application to wood member of connection; with
through joints, cracks, and porous surfaces or combinations
thereof. The driving force for such air leakage in buildings zero-degree angle defined as that of lengthwise plate axis
being parallel to load direction; and angle greater than zero
can be either mechanical pressurization or evacuation, natu-
ral wind pressures, or air temperature differentials between defined as that of lengthwise plate axis being rotated
clockwiseawayfromtheloadingaxiswhenfacingtheplated
the building interior and the outdoors, or combinations
thereof. E1186 connection. E1807
air-leakage rate—the volume of air movement per unit time angle ply—any filamentary lamina orientated in a direction
across the building envelope or the exterior envelope of the other than that specified as 0° (that is, the reference axis)
air distribution system. E1554 within a composite assembly. E1749
anisotropic—not isotropic; having mechanical or physical
DISCUSSION—This movement includes flow through joints, cracks,
properties,orboth,thatvarywithdirectionrelativetonatural
and porous surfaces, or combinations thereof. The driving forces for
reference axes in a material. E1749
such air leakage in service can be mechanical pressurization and
depressurization, natural wind pressures, and air temperature differen-
anodic stripping voltammetry—an electroanalytical tech-
tials between the building interior and the outdoors.
nique in which the concentration of analyte metal species
dissolved in solution is determined in the following manner.
airleakagesite—alocationonthebuildingenvelopewhereair
The analyte is first deposited (preconcentrated) electro-
enters or exits the building causing air leakage to occur.
chemically by reducing the dissolved ion in solution to
E1186
immobilized metal species at a mercury electrode surface.
air retarder (AR)—a material or system in building construc-
The metal is deposited in the form of an amalgam (with Hg)
tionthatisdesignedandinstalledtoreduceairleakageeither
at an applied potential (voltage) which is negative of the
into or through the opaque wall. E1677
standard oxidation potential for the metal/ion redox couple.
air sampling pump—a portable, battery-powered air pump
After deposition, the preconcentrated metal species is then
that may be attached to a belt on a worker or to a stationary
“stripped”fromthemercuryelectrodebyapplyingapositive
object. The pump is used to draw air through a filter holder
potential sweep, which causes anodic oxidation of the
thatisplacedwithinthepersonalbreathingzoneofaworker.
analyte met
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.