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ASTM D5276-98(2017)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall

Standard Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended for use in evaluating the capability of a container to withstand the sudden shock resulting from a free fall, or to evaluate the capability of a container and its inner packing to protect its contents during the sudden shock resulting from a free fall. This test method may also be used to compare the performance of different package designs. This test method may also permit observation of the progressive failure of a container and the damage to its contents.  
4.2 This test method is particularly suitable for containers that are normally handled manually during some part of their distribution cycle. Containers of such bulk or mass that they cannot be handled manually may be tested more satisfactorily in accordance with Test Method D880, Test Methods D6055, Test Methods D6179, or Test Methods D4003. See Practice D4169 for additional guidance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the drop testing of loaded boxes, cylindrical containers, and bags and sacks by the free-fall method.  
1.2 For containers not exceeding 110 lb (50 kg), this test method fulfills the requirements of ISO Standards 2206:1987 and 2248:1985. These ISO standards may describe procedures that do not meet the requirements for this test method.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2017
ICS
55.180.10 - General purpose containers
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.21 - Shipping Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5276-98(2009) - Standard Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017
Referred By
ASTM D4279-95(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Shipping Containers—Constant and Cycle Methods
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017
Referred By
ASTM D5487-16(2022) - Standard Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017
Referred By
ASTM D6804-19 - Standard Guide for Hand Hole Design in Corrugated Boxes
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017
Referred By
ASTM F963-17 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017
Referred By
ASTM D4919-23 - Standard Guide for Testing of Hazardous Materials (Dangerous Goods) Packagings
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017
Referred By
ASTM D4504-94(2018) - Standard Specification for Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017
Referred By
ASTM D6537-00(2021) - Standard Practice for Instrumented Package Shock Testing For Determination of Package Performance
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017
Referred By
ASTM D6179-20 - Standard Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017
Referred By
ASTM D6198-18 - Standard Guide for Transport Packaging Design
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017
Referred By
ASTM E921-97(2022) - Standard Specification for Export Packaged Laboratory Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017
Referred By
ASTM D4168-95(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Transmitted Shock Characteristics of Foam-in-Place Cushioning Materials
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017
Referred By
ASTM D5639/D5639M-20 - Standard Practice for Selection of Corrugated Fiberboard Materials and Box Construction Based on Performance Requirements
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017
Referred By
ASTM D4169-22 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017
Referred By
ASTM E920-97(2019) - Standard Specification for Commercially Packaged Laboratory Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5276 − 98 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
1
Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5276; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D880Test Method for ImpactTesting for Shipping Contain-
ers and Systems
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the drop testing
D996Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
of loaded boxes, cylindrical containers, and bags and sacks by
ments
the free-fall method.
D2463Test Method for Drop Impact Resistance of Blow-
1.2 For containers not exceeding 110 lb (50 kg), this test
Molded Thermoplastic Containers
method fulfills the requirements of ISO Standards2206:1987
D4003Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact
and 2248:1985. These ISO standards may describe procedures
Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
that do not meet the requirements for this test method.
D4169Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
tainers and Systems
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical D4332Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
Packaging Components for Testing
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. D6055Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized
Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D6179Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Lot or Process
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
E680Test Method for Drop Weight Impact Sensitivity of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Solid-Phase Hazardous Materials
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4
2.2 ISO Standards:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ISO 2206Packaging—Complete Filled Transport Packages,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. Identification of Parts When Testing
ISO 2248Packaging—Complete Filled Transport Packages,
2. Referenced Documents Vertical Impact Test by Dropping
2
2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5
Title 49—Transportation (49 CFR)
D585Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of
Paper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related Product
3
3. Terminology
(Withdrawn 2010)
D644Test Method for Moisture Content of Paper and
3.1 Definitions—General terms for packaging and distribu-
3
Paperboard by Oven Drying (Withdrawn 2010)
tion environments are found in Terminology D996.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 cylinder—for the purposes of this test method, a
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
cylinder includes substantially cylindrical containers such as
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping
barrels,drums,kegs,andpails(fiber,metal,plastic,orwood,or
Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originally
combinations thereof).
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5276–98(2009).
DOI: 10.1520/D5276-98R17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5
the ASTM website. AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.astm.org. www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5276 − 98 (2017)
3.2.2 member—a face, corner, or edge of a rectangular 5.1.5.4 The impact surface shall be rigid, such that it will
container; a chime, end, or sidewall of a
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5276 − 98 (Reapproved 2009) D5276 − 98 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
1
Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5276; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the drop testing of loaded boxes, cylindrical containers, and bags and sacks by the
free-fall method.
1.2 For containers not exceeding 110 lb (50 kg), this test method fulfills the requirements of ISO Standards 2206:1987 and
2248:1985. These ISO standards may describe procedures that do not meet the requirements for this test method.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of Paper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related Product (Withdrawn
3
2010)
3
D644 Test Method for Moisture Content of Paper and Paperboard by Oven Drying (Withdrawn 2010)
D880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments
D2463 Test Method for Drop Impact Resistance of Blow-Molded Thermoplastic Containers
D4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
D4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing
D6055 Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
D6179 Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E680 Test Method for Drop Weight Impact Sensitivity of Solid-Phase Hazardous Materials
4
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 2206 Packaging—Complete Filled Transport Packages, Identification of Parts When Testing
ISO 2248 Packaging—Complete Filled Transport Packages, Vertical Impact Test by Dropping
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping Containers and
Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
Current edition approved March 1, 2009Sept. 1, 2017. Published March 2009September 2017. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20042009
as D5276 – 98 (2009).(2004). DOI: 10.1520/D5276-98R09.10.1520/D5276-98R17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5276 − 98 (2017)
2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:
5
Title 49 —Transportation (49 CFR)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—General terms for packaging and distribution environments are found in Terminology D996.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 cylinder—for the purposes of this test method, a cylinder includes substantially cylindrical containers such as barrels,
drums, kegs,
...

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Standard Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended for use in evaluating the ability of a container to withstand the sudden shock resulting from a free fall drop impact, or to evaluate the ability of a container and its inner packing to protect its contents during the sudden shock resulting from a free fall drop impact. This test method may also be used to compare the performance of different package designs. This test method may also permit observation of the progressive failure of a container and the damage to its contents.  
4.2 This test method is particularly suitable for containers that are normally handled manually during some part of their distribution cycle. Containers of such bulk or mass that they cannot be handled manually may be tested more satisfactorily in accordance with Test Method D880, Test Methods D6055, Test Methods D6179, or Test Methods D4003. See Practice D4169 for additional guidance.
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1.2 For containers not exceeding 110 lb (50 kg), this test method fulfills the requirements of ISO Standards 2206:1987 and 2248:1985. These ISO standards may describe procedures that do not meet the requirements for this test method.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Shipping containers and the interior packaging materials are used to protect their contents from the hazards encountered in handling, transportation, and storage. Shock is one of the more troublesome of these hazards. Free-fall drop testing, while easy to perform, often understresses the test specimen by subjecting it to drops which are not perpendicular to the dropping surface.
Note 1: For example, testing has shown that non-perpendicular drops, 2° off perpendicularity, result in 8 % lower acceleration into the test specimen resulting from the impact energy dispersing in several axes.4  
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4.2 As in most mechanical shock test procedures, fixturing of the package on the shock test machine may have significant influence on the test results. Typically, packages will be firmly held on the table by securing some type of cross member(s) across the top of the package. Care should be taken that any pressure resulting from such fixturing should be minimal, particularly when the container being tested is corrugated or some other similar material.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended for use in evaluating the ability of a container to withstand the sudden shock resulting from a free fall drop impact, or to evaluate the ability of a container and its inner packing to protect its contents during the sudden shock resulting from a free fall drop impact. This test method may also be used to compare the performance of different package designs. This test method may also permit observation of the progressive failure of a container and the damage to its contents.  
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1.1 This test method covers procedures for the drop testing of loaded boxes, cylindrical containers, and bags and sacks by the free-fall method.  
1.2 For containers not exceeding 110 lb (50 kg), this test method fulfills the requirements of ISO Standards 2206:1987 and 2248:1985. These ISO standards may describe procedures that do not meet the requirements for this test method.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Shipping containers and the interior packaging materials are used to protect their contents from the hazards encountered in handling, transportation, and storage. Shock is one of the more troublesome of these hazards. Free-fall drop testing, while easy to perform, often understresses the test specimen by subjecting it to drops which are not perpendicular to the dropping surface.
Note 1: For example, testing has shown that non-perpendicular drops, 2° off perpendicularity, result in 8 % lower acceleration into the test specimen resulting from the impact energy dispersing in several axes.4  
4.1.1 Controlled shock input by shock machines provides a convenient method for evaluating the ability of shipping containers, interior packaging materials, and contents to withstand shocks. Simulated free-fall drop testing of package systems, which have critical elements, has produced good results where the frequency of the shock pulse is at least three times that of the package system's natural frequency.  
4.2 As in most mechanical shock test procedures, fixturing of the package on the shock test machine may have significant influence on the test results. Typically, packages will be firmly held on the table by securing some type of cross member(s) across the top of the package. Care should be taken that any pressure resulting from such fixturing should be minimal, particularly when the container being tested is corrugated or some other similar material.  
4.2.1 In cases where low-acceleration, long-duration responses are anticipated, any fixturing can potentially influence packaged item response and can possibly alter any correlation between this test method and free-fall drop testing. Where such correlation is desired, the package can be tested without it being fixed directly to the table. Note that in such circumstances, the shipping container can vigorously rebound from the table and can, if not otherwise controlled, present a safety problem for operators. Fixing the...
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method and a set of basic instructions for performing stack testing on UN packaging designs using either guided or unguided top loads. This guide provides the suggested minimum information that should be documented when conducting stacking test and provides information for recommended equipment.  
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Note 1: When quantification of box compression strength is desired for determining stacking strength or for design purposes use Test Method D642 and conditioning as recommended in 4.5.  
4.3 Design qualification testing procedures are intended, as explicitly stated in the HMR, to be the minimum performance capability levels for packaging manufactured to transport Hazardous Materials under conditions normally incident to transportation.  
4.4 The HMR tests are designed to be gross package capability evaluations that can be performed in a similar manner in all parts of the world, but under circumstances with some variance in test facility capabilities. This is an intentional feature of the test designs and protocols. The focus of HMR testing is not the determination of quantifiable, comparison data to allow for analytical evaluation.  
4.5 It is recommended that facilities performing the HMR tests consult the guidance on conditioning in the relevant ASTM documents for any particular packaging material as applicable. The following conditioning documents, Practices D4332 and D685, are commonly used.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method and a set of basic instructions for conducting stacking tests on United Nations (UN) non-bulk, intermediate bulk container (IBC), and Large Packagings. Using guided or unguided loads in accordance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (“The Orange Book”). The combination or interchange of these regulations will be referred to as the Hazardous Material Regulations (HMR).  
1.2 The Dangerous Goods Regulations require performance tests to be conducted on packaging designs prior to being authorized for use. The regulations do not include standardized procedures to accomplish this which can result in differences between testing facilities. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance and to establish a set of common practices for conducting stack testing on packagings undergoing UN certification.  
1.3 The user of this guide must be trained in accordance with 49 CFR as required by 172.700 and should be familiar with other applicable hazardous materials regulations such as; International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code), and carrier rules such as International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on...

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ASTM
ASTM D6198-18(Guide)
Standard Guide for Transport Packaging Design

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide assists users in design and development of packaging intended for the protection of goods while they are in transit from point of origin to final destination. By following all steps of this guide, users will be assured that the most important factors are included in package design. In some cases, the sequence of steps may be changed, and often the steps may occur simultaneously with concurrent work activities.  
4.2 The design process focuses on protection from hazards of handling, storage, and shipping while recognizing the economics of all other facets of distribution, including packaging materials and labor, and transportation.  
4.3 In transport packaging, distribution  is generally defined as inclusion of handling, storage, and transportation factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers an approach to design of packaging for distributing goods through the hazards of handling, storage, and transportation.  
1.2 The principal content of this guide is the identification of the key steps involved in development of transport packages, including shipping containers, interior protective packaging, and unit loads. It is recognized that actual usage and application to individual design projects may vary appreciably without diminishing the value of the process. Consult with a packaging professional whenever needed.  
1.3 This guide is not intended for design of primary packaging unless the primary package is planned for use as a shipping container.  
1.4 The user of this guide must be aware of the carrier rules regarding packaging for shipment via each mode of transportation in which the transport package may move, such as the National Motor Freight Classification (less-than truckload) and the Uniform Freight Classification (railroad). For hazardous materials packaging, the packaging must perform to the requirements of the applicable modal regulations listed in Section 2.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1210-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Lakes and Large Water Bodies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is meant to aid response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.  
3.2 This guide should be adapted to site specific circumstance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. The guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response.  
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. Chemical dispersants should be given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures.  
1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. The dispersibility of the oil with the chosen dispersant should be evaluated.  
1.4 The guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts).  
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters.  
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.  
1.7 This guide does not address getting regulatory approval.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C596-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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