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ASTM D6461/D6461M-16

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Silt Fence Materials

Standard Specification for Silt Fence Materials

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements and test methods for geotextile fabrics and associated components used in temporary silt fence applications. It is applicable to the use of a geotextile as a vertical permeable interceptor designed to remove suspended soil from overland, nonconcentrated water flow. The function of a temporary silt fence is to trap and allow settlement of soil particles from sediment laden water. The purpose is to greatly limit the transport of eroded soil from the construction site by water runoff. Fibers used in the manufacture of geotextiles for silt fence, and the threads used in joining geotextiles by sewing, shall consist of long-chain synthetic polymers composed of at least 95 % by weight of polyolefins or polyester. They shall be formed into a stable network such that the filaments or yarns retain their dimensional stability relative to each other, including selvages. Geotextiles and related materials used for temporary silt fence shall conform with required grab strength, permittivity, apparent opening size, and ultraviolet stability. The prescribed support posts are described in the specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for geotextile fabrics and associated components used in temporary silt fence applications. This is a material purchasing specification based on AASHTO M288.  
1.2 This specification is applicable to the use of a geotextile as a vertical permeable interceptor designed to remove suspended soil from overland, nonconcentrated water flow. The function of a temporary silt fence is to trap and allow settlement of soil particles from sediment laden water. The purpose is to greatly limit the transport of eroded soil from the construction site by water runoff.
Note 1: It should be noted that proper installation and maintenance are critical for the effective functioning of silt fence.  
1.3 The tests used to characterize the silt fence are intended to ensure good workmanship and quality and are not necessarily adequate for design purposes in view of the wide variety of possible sediments and performance objectives.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents, therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
Note 2: Although this specification should be acceptable in most erosion control applications, it should be noted that an alternative silt fence specification with a higher flow rate, may be required in areas that are susceptible to higher water runoff.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2016
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D18 - Soil and Rock
Drafting Committee
D18.25 - Erosion and Sediment Control Technology
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6461-99(2007)e2 - Standard Specification for Silt Fence Materials (Withdrawn 2016)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2016
Replaced By
ASTM D6461/D6461M-16a - Standard Specifications for Silt Fence Materials
Effective Date
01-Dec-2016
Referred By
ASTM D6462-19 - Standard Practice for Silt Fence Installation and Maintenance
Effective Date
01-Jul-2016

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ASTM D6461/D6461M-16 - Standard Specification for Silt Fence MaterialsASTM D6461/D6461M-16 - Standard Specification for Silt Fence Materials
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ASTM D6461/D6461M-16 - Standard Specification for Silt Fence Materials
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6461/D6461M −16
Standard Specification for
1
Silt Fence Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6461/D6461M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D276 Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in Textiles
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods
Fluids
for geotextile fabrics and associated components used in
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
temporary silt fence applications. This is a material purchasing
Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
specification based on AASHTO M288.
D4355 Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by
1.2 This specification is applicable to the use of a geotextile
Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc
as a vertical permeable interceptor designed to remove sus-
Type Apparatus
pended soil from overland, nonconcentrated water flow. The
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
function of a temporary silt fence is to trap and allow
D4491 Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles
settlement of soil particles from sediment laden water. The
by Permittivity
purpose is to greatly limit the transport of eroded soil from the
D4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongation
construction site by water runoff.
of Geotextiles
D4751 Test Method for DeterminingApparent Opening Size
NOTE1—Itshouldbenotedthatproperinstallationandmaintenanceare
critical for the effective functioning of silt fence.
of a Geotextile
D4759 Practice for Determining the Specification Confor-
1.3 The tests used to characterize the silt fence are intended
mance of Geosynthetics
to ensure good workmanship and quality and are not necessar-
D4873 Guide for Identification, Storage, and Handling of
ily adequate for design purposes in view of the wide variety of
Geosynthetic Rolls and Samples
possible sediments and performance objectives.
D6637 Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Geogrids by the Single or Multi-Rib Tensile Method
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
each system may not be exact equivalents, therefore each
M288-15 Standard Specification for Geotextile Specifica-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3
tion for Highway Applications
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard.
3. Materials and Manufacture
NOTE 2—Although this specification should be acceptable in most
3.1 Fibers used in the manufacture of geotextiles for silt
erosion control applications, it should be noted that an alternative silt
fence, and the threads used in joining geotextiles by sewing,
fence specification with a higher flow rate, may be required in areas that
shall consist of long-chain synthetic polymers composed of at
are susceptible to higher water runoff.
least 95 % by weight of polyolefin or polyester. They shall be
2. Referenced Documents
formed into a stable network such that the filaments or yarns
2
retain their dimensional stability relative to each other, includ-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ing selvages.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
3.2 Geotextiles and related materials used for temporary silt
fence shall conform to the physical requirements of Sections 7
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil
and 8.
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion and
Sediment Control Technology. 3.3 All property values, with the exception of apparent
Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approved
opening size (AOS), in this specification represent minimum
ɛ2
in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D6461 – 99 (2007) , which was
average roll values (MARV) in the weakest principle direction
withdrawn February 2016 and reinstated in July 2016. DOI: 10.1520/D6461_
D6461M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
the ASTM website. http://www.transportation.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D6461/D6461M−16
(that is, avera
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4.1 Proper installation is critical to effective performance of silt fence. This practice presents procedures for installing and maintaining silt fence that have been shown to result in silt fence installations that effectively redirect and impound surface runoff and, thereby, provide effective sediment control.
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1.1 This practice covers common installation and maintenance procedures for temporary silt fence applications. This practice is based on AASHTO M288.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the tensile force-elongation values of geogrids provides index property values. This test method shall be used for quality control and acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geogrids.  
5.2 In cases of dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing began. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
4.3 When reinforcement occurs in directions other than machine and cross-machine, scrim are cut at specimen edges, generally lowering results. To partially compensate for this, testing can be performed according to Test Method D7749 or the 2 in. wide strip specimen specified in this method can be utilized. Testing of 1 in. and 2 in. specimens is Method A and Method B, respectively.  
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5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.  
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1.2.1 For soils with a plasticity index lower than 5, the systems compatibility shall be evaluated per this standard.  
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5.1 This practice covers test arrangements, measurement techniques, sampling methods, and calculations to be used for nondestructive evaluation of geomembranes using ultrasonic testing.  
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1.3 Measurements of one or more ultrasonic wave transmission characteristics are made based on the requirements of the specific testing program.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method yields the flux of water through a saturated GCL specimen that is consolidated, hydrated, and permeated under a prescribed set of conditions.  
5.2 This test method can be performed to determine if the flux of a GCL specimen exceeds the maximum value stated by the manufacturer.  
5.3 This test method can be used to determine the variation in flux within a sample of GCL by testing a number of different specimens.  
5.4 This test method does not provide a flux value to be used directly in design calculations.
Note 1: Flux for in-service conditions depends on a number of factors, including confining pressure, type of hydration fluid, degree of hydration, degree of saturation, type of permeating fluid, and hydraulic gradient. Correlation between flux values obtained with this test method and flux through GCLs subjected to in-service conditions has not been fully investigated.  
5.5 This test method does not provide a value of hydraulic conductivity. Although hydraulic conductivity can be determined in a manner similar to the method described in this test method, the thickness of the specimen is needed to calculate hydraulic conductivity. This test method does not include procedures for measuring the thickness of the GCL nor of the clay component within the GCL. Refer to Appendix X2 for calculation of hydraulic conductivity.  
5.6 The apparatus used in this test method is commonly used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of soil specimens. However, flux values measured in this test are typically much lower than those commonly measured for most natural soils. It is essential that the leakage rate of the apparatus used in this test be less than 10 % of the flux.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an index test that covers laboratory measurement of flux through saturated geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) specimens using a flexible wall permeameter.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The increased use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict liquid or gas movement, and the common use of dual-track seams in joining these sheets, has created a need for a standard nondestructive test by which the quality of the seams can be assessed for continuity and watertightness. The test is not intended to provide any indication of the physical strength of the seam.  
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5.3 This technique is intended for use on seams between geomembrane sheets formulated from the appropriate polymers and compounding ingredients to form a plastic or elastomer sheet material that meets all specified requirements for the end use of the product.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a nondestructive evaluation of the continuity of parallel geomembrane seams separated by an unwelded air channel. The unwelded air channel between the two distinct seamed regions is sealed and inflated with air to a predetermined pressure. Long lengths of seam can be evaluated by this practice more quickly than by other common nondestructive tests.  
1.2 This practice should not be used as a substitute for destructive testing. Used in conjunction with destructive testing, this method can provide additional information regarding the seams undergoing testing.  
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ASTM
ASTM D5884/D5884M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.  
5.2 The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the relative tear resistance of different reinforcing textiles or different directions in the same reinforcing textiles.  
5.3 Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical difference between their laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7466/D7466M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Asperity Height of Textured Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The asperity height is an index property used to quantify one of the physical attributes related to the surface roughness of textured geomembranes.  
5.2 This test method is applicable to all currently available textured geomembranes that are deployed as manufactured geomembrane sheets.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to measure the asperity height of textured geomembranes.  
1.2 This test method does not provide for measurement of the spacing between the asperities nor of the complete profile of the textured surface.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off