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ASTM E768-99(2005)

(Practice)

Standard Guide for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic Inclusion Assessment of Steel

Standard Guide for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic Inclusion Assessment of Steel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Inclusion ratings done either manually using Test Methods E 45 or automatically using Practice E 1122 or E 1245 are influenced by the quality of specimen preparation. This guide provides examples of proven specimen preparation methods that retain inclusions in polished steel specimens.
This guide provides a procedure to determine if the prepared specimens are of suitable quality for subsequent rating of inclusions. None of these methods should be construed as defining or establishing specific procedures or limits of acceptability for any steel grade.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide² covers two preparation methods for steel metallographic specimens that will be analyzed for nonmetallic inclusions with automatic image analysis (AIA) equipment. The two methods of preparation are offered as accepted methods used to retain nonmetallic inclusions in steel. This guide does not limit the user to these methods.
1.2 A procedure to test the suitability of the prepared specimen for AIA inclusion work, using differential interference contrast (DIC), is presented.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2005
ICS
77.040.01 - Testing of metals in general
Technical Committee
E04 - Metallography
Drafting Committee
E04.01 - Specimen Preparation
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E768-99(2004) - Standard Guide for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic Inclusion Assessment of Steel
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Replaced By
ASTM E768-99(2010) - Standard Guide for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic Inclusion Assessment of Steel
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Referred By
ASTM E1245-03(2023) - Standard Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM E45-18a - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM E3-11(2017) - Standard Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2283-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Extreme Value Analysis of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steel and Other Microstructural Features
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2142-08(2015) - Standard Test Methods for Rating and Classifying Inclusions in Steel Using the Scanning Electron Microscope
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM B796-20 - Standard Test Method for Nonmetallic Inclusion Content of Ferrous Powders Intended for Powder Forging (PF) Applications
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM E883-11(2017) - Standard Guide for Reflected–Light Photomicrography
Effective Date
01-May-2005

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ASTM E768-99(2005) - Standard Guide for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic Inclusion Assessment of SteelASTM E768-99(2005) - Standard Guide for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic Inclusion Assessment of Steel
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ASTM E768-99(2005) - Standard Guide for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic Inclusion Assessment of Steel
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E768–99 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Guide for
Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic
1
Inclusion Assessment of Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E768; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ADJE0768 Differential Interference Contrast Magnification
2 100X and 500X (6 micrographs)
1.1 This guide covers two preparation methods for steel
metallographicspecimensthatwillbeanalyzedfornonmetallic
3. Terminology
inclusions with automatic image analysis (AIA) equipment.
3.1 Definitions:
The two methods of preparation are offered as accepted
3.1.1 For definitions used in this practice, refer to Termi-
methods used to retain nonmetallic inclusions in steel. This
nology E7.
guide does not limit the user to these methods.
3.1.2 differential interference contrast microscopy—a com-
1.2 A procedure to test the suitability of the prepared
prehensive definition appears in Guide E883, paragraph 11.8.
specimen for AIA inclusion work, using differential interfer-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ence contrast (DIC), is presented.
3.2.1 rigid grinding disk—a non-fabric support surface,
2. Referenced Documents such as a composite of metal/ceramic or metal/polymer,
3
charged with an abrasive (usually 6 to 15-µm diamond par-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ticles), and used as the fine grinding operation in a metallo-
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
graphic preparation procedure.
E7 Terminology Relating to Metallography
E45 TestMethodsforDeterminingtheInclusionContentof
4. Significance and Use
Steel
4.1 Inclusion ratings done either manually usingTest Meth-
E883 Guide for Reflected−Light Photomicrography
ods E45 or automatically using Practice E1122 or E1245 are
E1122 Practice for Obtaining JK Inclusion Ratings Using
4 influenced by the quality of specimen preparation. This guide
Automatic Image Analysis
provides examples of proven specimen preparation methods
E1245 Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-
that retain inclusions in polished steel specimens.
Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image
4.2 This guide provides a procedure to determine if the
Analysis
5 prepared specimens are of suitable quality for subsequent
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
rating of inclusions. None of these methods should be con-
strued as defining or establishing specific procedures or limits
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE04onMetallography
of acceptability for any steel grade.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E04.01 on Sampling Specimen
Preparation, and Photography.
5. Preparation Methods
CurrenteditionapprovedMy1,2005.PublishedMay2005.Originallyapproved
in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E768–99(2004). DOI: 10.1520/ 5.1 Background:
E0768-99R05.
5.1.1 The inclusions in the plane of polish must be fully
2
Supporting data have been filed atASTM International Headquarters and may
preserved and clearly visible. Preparation should not produce
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:E04-1002.
3
excessive relief around the perimeter of the inclusions that
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
would exaggerate the size and number of inclusions on the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
plane of polish. In many cases, the preparation of specimens
the ASTM website.
4 for inclusion rating is more readily performed after the
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org. specimens have been hardened by a suitable heat treatment
5
Acolored plate, consisting of six micrographs that illustrate the use of DIC in
procedure (austenize, quench to fully martensitic structure,
determining a properly prepared sample (at 100x and 500x), is available from
temper at a relatively low temperature).
ASTM Headquarters. Order Adjuct: ADJE0768.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E768–99 (2005)
5.1.2 Cleanliness is an important consideration in all stages correlation between these two systems and the approximate
of specimen preparation. median particle diameter for a given grit size in micrometres.
5.1.2.1 Heat-treated specimens should be wire brushed or
5.1.6 Most preparation systems apply pressure on the speci-
shot blasted or have the surface ground to remove adherent
mens being processed. The bes
...

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5.1 The procedures described, herein, can be used to evaluate the severity of hydrogen charging of a material produced by exposure to corrosive environments or by cathodic polarization. It can also be used to determine fundamental properties of materials in terms of hydrogen diffusion (for example, diffusivity of hydrogen) and the effects of metallurgical, processing, and environmental variables on diffusion of hydrogen in metals.  
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4.1 Inclusion ratings done either manually using Test Methods E45 or automatically using Practice E1122 or E1245 are influenced by the quality of specimen preparation. This guide provides examples of proven specimen preparation methods that retain inclusions in polished steel specimens.  
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