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ASTM D7484-10

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.
The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.
1.2.2 See also A8.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2009
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0 - Automotive Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7484-08 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-Jan-2010
Replaced By
ASTM D7484-10a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7720-21 - Standard Guide for Statistically Evaluating Measurand Alarm Limits when Using Oil Analysis to Monitor Equipment and Oil for Fitness and Contamination
Effective Date
01-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
01-Jan-2010

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ASTM D7484-10 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel EngineASTM D7484-10 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine
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ASTM D7484-10 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine
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REDLINE ASTM D7484-10 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel EngineREDLINE ASTM D7484-10 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D7484 – 10
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear
1
Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7484; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the procedure described in
2
this test method. However, theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and an
assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By these means, the laboratory
will know whether its use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by
other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in
seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a
requirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use these services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
2
This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by theTMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the method.
1. Scope 1.4 Table of Contents:
Section
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins
Scope 1
ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel
Referenced Documents 2
engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to
Terminology 3
Summary of Test Method 4
evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.
Significance and Use 5
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Apparatus 6
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents 7
Preparation of Apparatus 8
standard.
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests 9
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters
Test Procedure 10
except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity 11
Report 12
screw threads, National PipeThreads/diameters, tubing size, or
Precision and Bias 13
where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.
Annexes
1.2.2 See also A8.1 for clarification; it does not supersede Safety Precautions Annex A1
Intake Air Aftercooler Annex A2
1.2 and 1.2.1.
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit Annex A3
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware Annex A4
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the External Oil System Annex A5
Fuel Specification Annex A6
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Cummins Service Publications Annex A7
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Specified Units and Formats Annex A8
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for Oil Analyses Annex A9
general safety precautions.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published March 2010. Originally
3
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7484–08. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D7484-10. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
ASTMTestMonitoringCenter,6555PennAvenue,Pittsburgh,PA15206-4489. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
www.astmtmc.cmu.edu. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7484 – 10
Atmospheric Pressure D6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Fuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity
Evaluator (SLBOCLE)
Closed Cup Tester
D6838 Test Method for Cummins M11 High Soot Test
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe- D6975 Test Method for Cummins M11 EGR Test
troleum Products by Copper Strip Test E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
D235 Speci
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7484–08 Designation: D7484 – 10
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear
1
Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7484; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the procedure described in
2
this test method. However, theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and an
assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By these means, the laboratory
will know whether its use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by
other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in
seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a
requirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use these services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
2
This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by theTMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the method.
1. Scope
1.1This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9-L, diesel engine
equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.
1.2The values stated in either SI units, inch-pound units, or other units are to be regarded separately as the primary units.
1.2.1For each parameter, the primary units are shown first. Secondary units may be shown in parentheses, for information
purposes only. These secondary units may or may not be exact equivalents to the primary units.
1.2.2SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads,
national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size.
1.2.3See also
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine
equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw
threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.
1.2.2 See also A8.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2.11.2 and 1.2.21.2.1.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.
1.4 Table of Contents:
Section
Scope 1
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0 on
Automotive Lubricants.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008. Published November 2008. DOI: 10.1520/D7484-08.
CurrenteditionapprovedJan.1,2010.PublishedMarch2010.Originallyapprovedin2008.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2008asD7484–08.DOI:10.1520/D7484-10.
2
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. www.astmtmc.cmu.edu.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7484 – 10
Section
Summary of Test 4
Method
Significance and Use 5
Apparatus 6
Engine Fluids and 7
Cleaning Solvents
Preparation of Appara- 8
tus
Engine/Stand Calibra- 9
tion and Non-
Reference Oil Tests
Test Procedure 10
Calculations, Ratings, 11
and Test Validity
Report 12
Precision and Bias 13
Annexes
Safety Precautions Annex A1
Intake Air Aftercooler Annex A2
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil. Oxidation, nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are monitored as evidence of degradation. The objective of this monitoring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on fault conditions observed in the oil. Measurement and data interpretation parameters are presented to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compare results by employing the same techniques.  
1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of t...

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ASTM
ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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