ASTM D877-00

Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes two procedures, A and B, for determining the electrical breakdown voltage of insulating liquid specimens. The breakdown test uses ac voltage in the power-frequency range from 45 to 65 Hz.
1.2 This test method is used to judge if the disk electrode breakdown voltage requirements are met for insulating liquids, as delivered from the manufacturer, that have never been filtered or dried. See Specification D3487, Specification D4652, and Guide D5222 for the minimum specified electrical breakdown. This test method should be used as recommended by professional organization standards such as IEEE C57.106.
1.3 Limitations of the Procedures
1.3.1 The sensitivity of this test method to the general population of contaminants present in a liquid sample decreases as applied test voltages used in this test method become greater than approximately 25 kV rms.
1.3.2 If the concentration of water in the sample at room temperature is less than 60 % of saturation, the sensitivity of this test method to the presence of water is decreased. For further information refer to RR: 327-1006.
1.3.3 The suitability for this test method has not been determined for a liquid's viscosity higher than 900 cSt at 40oC.
1.4 Procedure Applications--Procedure A is used to determine the breakdown voltage of liquids in which any insoluble breakdown products easily settle during the interval between the required repeated breakdown tests. These liquids include petroleum oils, hydrocarbons, and askarels (PCB) used as insulating and cooling liquids in transformers, cables, and similar apparatus.
1.4.1 Procedure B
1.4.1.1 This procedure is used to determine the breakdown voltage of liquids in which any insoluble breakdown products do not completely settle from the space between the disks during the 1-min interval required in Procedure A. Procedure B, modified in accordance with Section 17 of Test Methods D2225, is acceptable for testing silicone dielectric liquids.
1.4.1.2 Procedure B should also be applied for the determination of the breakdown voltage of liquid samples containing insoluble materials that settle from the specimen during testing. These may include samples taken from circuit breakers, load tap changers, and other liquids heavily contaminated with insoluble particulate material. These examples represent samples that may have large differences between replicate tests. The use of Procedure B will result in a more accurate value of breakdown voltage when testing such liquids.
1.4.1.3 Use Procedure B to establish the breakdown voltage of an insulating liquid where an ASTM specification does not exist or when developing a value for an ASTM guide or standard. Procedure A may be used once the single operator precision of 13.1 has been demonstrated.
1.5 Both the SI and inch-pound units are equally acceptable.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-2000
• ICS: 29.040.10 - Insulating oils
• Technical Committee: D27 - Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
• Drafting Committee: D27.05 - Electrical Test

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D877-87(1995) - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2000
• Replaced By: ASTM D877-02 - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D117-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Liquids
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D3455-11(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Material with Electrical Insulating Oil of Petroleum Origin
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D149-20 - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D4652-20 - Standard Specification for Silicone Liquid Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D2225-20 - Standard Test Methods for Silicone Liquids Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D6871-17 - Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D1676-17 - Standard Test Methods for Film-Insulated Magnet Wire
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D3755-20 - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Under Direct-Voltage Stress
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D5282-05(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Material with Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D3394-16(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Electrical Insulating Board
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2000

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D 877–00
Standard Test Method for
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using
1
Disk Electrodes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 877; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope do not completely settle from the space between the disks
during the 1-min interval required in Procedure A. Procedure
1.1 This test method describes two procedures,Aand B, for
B, modified in accordance with Section 17 of Test Methods
determining the electrical breakdown voltage of insulating
D 2225,D 2225 is acceptable for testing silicone dielectric
liquid specimens. The breakdown test uses ac voltage in the
liquids.
power-frequency range from 45 to 65 Hz.
1.4.1.2 Procedure B should also be applied for the determi-
1.2 This test method is used to judge if the disk electrode
nation of the breakdown voltage of liquid samples containing
breakdown voltage requirements are met for insulating liquids,
insolublematerialsthatsettlefromthespecimenduringtesting.
as delivered from the manufacturer, that have never been
These may include samples taken from circuit breakers, load
filtered or dried. See Specification D 3487,D 3487 Specifica-
tap changers, and other liquids heavily contaminated with
tion D 4652,D 4652 and Guide D 5222D 5222 for the mini-
insoluble particulate material. These examples represent
mum specified electrical breakdown. This test method should
samples that may have large differences between replicate
be used as recommended by professional organization stan-
tests. The use of Procedure B will result in a more accurate
dards such as IEEE C57.106.
value of breakdown voltage when testing such liquids.
1.3 Limitations of the Procedures:
1.4.1.3 Use Procedure B to establish the breakdown voltage
1.3.1 The sensitivity of this test method to the general
of an insulating liquid where an ASTM specification does not
population of contaminants present in a liquid sample de-
exist or when developing a value for an ASTM guide or
creasesasappliedtestvoltagesusedinthistestmethodbecome
standard. Procedure A may be used once the single operator
greater than approximately 25 kV rms.
precision of 13.1 has been demonstrated.
1.3.2 If the concentration of water in the sample at room
1.5 BoththeSIandinch-poundunitsareequallyacceptable.
temperature is less than 60 % of saturation, the sensitivity of
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
this test method to the presence of water is decreased. For
2
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
further information refer to RR: 327-1006.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.3.3 The suitability for this test method has not been
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
determined for a liquid’s viscosity higher than 900 cSt at 40°C.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 Procedure Applications—Procedure A is used to deter-
mine the breakdown voltage of liquids in which any insoluble
2. Referenced Documents
breakdown products easily settle during the interval between
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the required repeated breakdown tests. These liquids include
D 923 Test Method for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liq-
petroleum oils, hydrocarbons, and askarels (PCB) used as
3
uids
insulating and cooling liquids in transformers, cables, and
D 1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
similar apparatus.
Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Using VDE Elec-
1.4.1 Procedure B
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trodes
1.4.1.1 This procedure is used to determine the breakdown
D 2225 TestMethodsforSiliconeFluidsUsedforElectrical
voltage of liquids in which any insoluble breakdown products
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Insulation
D 2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liq-
uids and Gases
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
D 3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
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Electrical Apparatus
mittee D27.05 on Electrical Test.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2000. Published February 2001. Originally
published as D 877 – 46 T. Last previous edition D 877 – 87 (1995).
2
RR: D27–1006, Round-Robin Data Using Modified VDE Electrode Cell for
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Dielectric Strength Tests on Oil, is available from ASTM Headquarters. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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