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ASTM D2295-96(2016)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading at Elevated Temperatures (Metal-to-Metal)

Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading at Elevated Temperatures (Metal-to-Metal)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Comparative strength of adhesive bonds at elevated temperatures allows for better selection of adhesives that must perform at temperatures above normal. This test method is useful in supplying such information.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strengths of adhesives for bonding metals when tested on a standard specimen and under specified conditions of preparation and testing at elevated temperatures.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from 315 to 850°C (600 to 1500°F).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2016
ICS
83.180 - Adhesives
Technical Committee
D14 - Adhesives
Drafting Committee
D14.80 - Metal Bonding Adhesives
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2295-96(2008) - Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading at Elevated Temperatures (Metal-to-Metal)
Effective Date
01-May-2016
Refers
ASTM D1002-10(2019) - Standard Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Refers
ASTM D907-12a - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Refers
ASTM D907-12 - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
Effective Date
01-May-2012
Refers
ASTM D907-11a - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
Effective Date
01-Dec-2011
Refers
ASTM D907-11 - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
Effective Date
01-Jan-2011
Refers
ASTM D638-10 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
Effective Date
15-May-2010
Refers
ASTM A167-99(2009) - Standard Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip (Withdrawn 2014)
Effective Date
01-May-2009
Refers
ASTM D907-08b - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Refers
ASTM D907-08a - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
Effective Date
15-Aug-2008
Refers
ASTM D907-08 - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
Effective Date
01-Mar-2008
Refers
ASTM D907-06 - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
Effective Date
01-Dec-2006
Refers
ASTM D1002-05 - Standard Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2005
Refers
ASTM D907-05 - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Refers
ASTM D907-05e1 - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005

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ASTM D2295-96(2016) - Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading at Elevated Temperatures (Metal-to-Metal)ASTM D2295-96(2016) - Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading at Elevated Temperatures (Metal-to-Metal)
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ASTM D2295-96(2016) - Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading at Elevated Temperatures (Metal-to-Metal)
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2295 − 96 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Strength Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension
Loading at Elevated Temperatures (Metal-to-Metal)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2295; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com- 3.1 Many terms in this test method are defined in Terminol-
parative shear strengths of adhesives for bonding metals when ogy D907.
testedonastandardspecimenandunderspecifiedconditionsof
4. Significance and Use
preparation and testing at elevated temperatures.
4.1 Comparative strength of adhesive bonds at elevated
1.2 This test method is applicable to the temperature range
temperatures allows for better selection of adhesives that must
from 315 to 850°C (600 to 1500°F).
perform at temperatures above normal. This test method is
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
useful in supplying such information.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
5. Apparatus
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Testing Machine,conformingtotherequirementsofTest
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
MethodD638.Usepin-typegripsasshowninFig.1toholdthe
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
test specimen.
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
5.2 Heating Equipment, consisting of a radiant heat source,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
backed by a high-efficiency reflector for the purpose of
obtaining the desired heat flux. A suitable lamp arrangement
2. Referenced Documents
for heating a specimen is shown in Fig. 2.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A167 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting 6. Test Specimens
Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip (With-
6.1 Cut test specimens from panels shown in Fig. 3(a).
drawn 2014)
These test specimens’ form and dimensions are shown in Fig.
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
3(b). The specimens are similar to the tension lap shear
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
specimen described in Fig. 1 of Test Method D1002, except
D1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-
that pin-type grips are used.
Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-
6.2 Base the selection of materials on the test temperature
sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
range. The following grades of steel are recommended, al-
2.2 Military Specifications:
though use of other types of heat-resistant steel is permitted:
MIL-S-25043 Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
Metal Designation
Steel, corrosion-resistant (18-8) plate, sheet, and A167, Type 302
strip
Steel plate, sheet, and strip 17-7PH, TH 1050, MIL-S-25043
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
corrosion-resistant, precipitation hardened
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on Metal
Bonding Adhesives.
The nominal thickness for the sheet 1.270 mm (0.050 in.).
Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2295 – 96 (2008).
7. Preparation of Test Specimens
DOI: 10.1520/D2295-96R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
7.1 Cut test specimens as shown in Fig. 3(b) to dimensions
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
from the test panel. Measure the width of the specimen and the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
length of the overlap to the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in.).
the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
7.2 Prepare test specimens by bonding individual strips as
www.astm.org.
shown in Fig. 3(b). Machine unbonded individual strips to size
Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil. and free from burrs or other irregularities.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2295 − 96 (2016)
(a)(b)
FIG. 3 Form and Dimen
...

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5.1 This test method is designed for obtaining a qualitative estimate of the compatibility of plastics and adhesives. Due to the many process variables associated with the fabrication of plastic parts, it is not possible to use this test as a substitute for compatibility tests on actual parts.  
5.2 The detection of cracks or crazes may be determined with or without optical aid. Make comparisons only among tests employing crack detection methods of equivalent sensitivity.
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1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the compatibility of adhesives with plastics based on whether the adhesive causes cracking of stressed samples.  
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4.1 These test methods are designed to be used to determine the susceptibility of the adhesive film to biodegradation and whether the adhesive will carry into the bond line sufficient anti-fungal properties to prevent growth of fungi frequently present on the gluing equipment, on adherends, or in the adhesive as applied.  
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Note 2: The method given here using the MSA is based on Practice G21, adapted to be used with adhesives. Requirements for the use of the MSA are described in 10.2, and a mixed species of fungi is prescribed in 8.2 for the inoculum.  
4.3 The results obtained when using the procedures given in this method apply only to the species used for the testing. The test species listed in Section 8 are frequently used by laboratories to test for antifungal properties, but they are not the only ones which could be used. Selection of the fungal species to test against requires informed judgment by the testing laboratory or by the party requesting the tests. These methods are especially useful when species that have been isolated from contaminated adhesives are used as the test species (see Section 8) to aid in the selection of more effective fungicides.  
4.4 The efficacy of some biocides may change in storage due to the chemical and thermal environment to which they are subjected as components of certain adhesi...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods test the ability of adhesive films to inhibit or support the growth of selected fungal species growing on agar plates by providing means of testing the films on two agar substrates, one which promotes microbial growth, and one which does not.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Creep data that are obtained over a relatively short period of time in this test method can provide a measure of an adhesive bond's ability to withstand static loading in shear over a relatively long period of time. Creep measurements are made over a range of expected service conditions, including level of stress, temperature, relative humidity, and duration of load. Creep rate, creep strain, and creep modulus are calculated at the various service conditions.  
4.2 Creep data can be used to (1) predict performance of an adhesive under long-term loading, (2) characterize an adhesive, (3) compare adhesives with each other and against specifications, and (4) design structural members fabricated with an adhesive.  
4.3 Time-to-failure data provide a measure of the ultimate load-carrying ability of an adhesive bond as a function of time at various levels of stress, temperature, and relative humidity.  
4.4 With proper caution, time-to-failure data derived from relatively short loading periods can be extrapolated to estimate the useful service life of an adhesive at working levels of static stress. This property may also be used with creep data to accomplish purposes listed in 4.2.  
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ASTM D907-15(2023)(Terminology)
Standard Terminology of Adhesives

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of definitions used in the science and technology of the adhesives industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
1.2 Any changes in this standard since 1988 are documented as follows:  
1.2.1 Appendix X1 gives a history of revisions made since 1988. Table X1.1 lists the terms that are affected as: (1) Terms Added, (2) Terms Revised, and (3) Terms Deleted.
1.2.1.1 In Table X1.1, the year of publication in Volume 15.06 is shown in parentheses following the term.  
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1.2.4 Any special circumstances not covered by 1.2.2 and 1.2.3 are documented in Table X1.1, suitably footnoted.  
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This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semistructural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having woodbased surfaces at the bondline. The adhesives can be classified according to resistance to deformation: Group A or structural, and Group B or semistructural. Also, the adhesives may be designated into three types, according to their recommended use based on their resistance to water and water vapor: Type 1 for interior and exterior use, Type 2 for weather-protected interior use, and Type 3 for interior use only. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of adhesives: shear strength, gap-filling ability, total deformation resistance, moisture and temperature limitation during fabrication, high-temperature resistance, low-temperature resistance, moisture resistance, aging, oxidation resistance, and mold resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semi-structural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having wood-based surfaces at the bondline. This specification does not cover other adhesives used in manufactured homes such as adhesives for carpet, floor tile, ceramic fixtures, plastic laminates, trim and millwork, and similar nonstructural applications.  
1.1.1 The performance of the adhesives is measured in the following tests:    
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1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Liquid Phenol, Resorcinol, and Melamine Adhesives

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of nonvolatile content or total solids of liquid phenol, resorcinol, and melamine adhesives with or without hardener added and containing high-boiling and low-boiling volatile organic solvents or water, or both. The equipments to be used in the test shall include a petri dish, circulating-air oven, desiccator, and analytical balance. In determining the nonvolatile content of the liquid adhesives without hardener, the procedure shall include oven-drying, cooling in a desiccator, and weighing of adhesive and quartz sand . The percent nonvolatile content shall be calculated based on the amount remaining. On the other hand, the procedure for the liquid adhesives with hardener shall include oven-drying, cooling in a desiccator, and weighing of mixed adhesives. Also, the percent nonvolatile content shall be calculated based on the amount remaining.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of nonvolatile content or total solids of liquid phenol, resorcinol, and melamine adhesives with or without hardener (Note 1) added and containing high-boiling and low-boiling volatile organic solvents or water, or both.  
Note 1: Some low molecular weight materials in the adhesive may be lost if hardener is not used. When a hardener is used, it must be mixed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions, see 5.2.  
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ASTM D7966/D7966M-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Resistance to Creep of Adhesives in Static Shear by Compression Loading (Wood-to-Wood)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by resistance to creep under static load.  
5.2 Test results from the evaluation of adhesive creep resistance, under designated environmental conditions of the test, provide a measure of the adhesive’s ability to withstand constant loading over a relatively long period of time.  
5.3 Creep measured with this test method is normally used in conjunction with specifications such as, but not limited to Specification D2559 and CSA O112.9 to confirm suitability of an adhesive to resist creep under designed loads when subjected to specific levels of stress, load duration and environmental conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of creep properties of structural adhesives in wood-to-wood bonds when a standardized specimen is subjected to shearing stresses at various levels of static load, constant temperature, and relative humidity. Apparatus and procedures are provided for shear deformation (creep) of adhesive bonds under static load. This test method is used under the indicated conditions to evaluate resistance to creep properties of a structural wood adhesive.  
1.2 The test method is used to evaluate creep performance of adhesives suitable for the bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural wood products for general construction, marine use, or for other uses where a high-strength general construction, creep-resistant, durable adhesive bond is required. Individual block shear specimens are prepared from adhesively bonded laminations, subjected to a constant load under various combinations of temperature and relative humidity, and the amount of creep measured.  
1.3 Creep of structural wood adhesives as measured by this test method may not be comparative to other ASTM methods and is limited to the conditions of the test and procedures contained herein.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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ASTM D4800-94(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Classifying and Specifying Adhesives

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this classification system is to provide a method of identifying adhesives in order to give industry a system that can be used universally for materials. It further provides a means for specifying these materials by the use of the standards that are developed using this guide.  
4.2 This classification system was developed to permit the addition of future adhesives.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a classification system for tabulating the properties of adhesives suitable for holding parts or assemblies together. The use of this guide also provides information necessary for the development of standard specifications for adhesives.  
Note 1: This classification system may serve many of the needs of industries using adhesives. This guide is subject to revision as the need requires; therefore, the latest revision should always be used.  
1.2 Limitations—This classification system is intended to be a means of identifying adhesives. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection should be made by those having expertise in the adhesives field after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the attachment process to be employed, the inherent properties of the material not covered in this document, and the economic factors.  
1.3 This classification system is based on the premise that adhesives can be arranged into broad generic families using basic properties to arrange the materials into groups, classes, and grades.  
1.4 In all cases where the provisions of this classification system would conflict with the referenced ASTM specification for a particular material, the latter shall take precedence.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units, as detailed in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
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