ASTM D1003-11

Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Light that is scattered upon passing through a film or sheet of a material can produce a hazy or smoky field when objects are viewed through the material. Another effect can be veiling glare, as occurs in an automobile windshield when driving into the sun.
Although haze measurements are made most commonly by the use of a hazemeter, a spectrophotometer may be used, provided that it meets the geometric and spectral requirements of Section 5. The use of a spectrophotometer for haze measurement of plastics can provide valuable diagnostic data on the origin of the haze, and Procedure B is devoted to the use of a spectrophotometer.
Procedure A (hazemeter) test values are normally slightly higher and less variable than Procedure B (spectrophotometer) test values.
Regular luminous transmittance is obtained by placing a clear specimen at some distance from the entrance port of the integrating sphere. However, when the specimen is hazy, the total hemispherical luminous transmittance must be measured by placing the specimen at the entrance port of the sphere. The measured total hemispherical luminous transmittance will be greater than the regular luminous transmittance, depending on the optical properties of the sample. With this test method, the specimen is necessarily placed at the entrance port of the sphere in order to measure haze and total hemispherical luminous transmittance.
Haze data representative of the material may be obtained by avoiding heterogeneous surface or internal defects not characteristic of the material.
Haze and luminous-transmittance data are especially useful for quality control and specification purposes.
Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of specific light-transmitting and wide-angle-light-scattering properties of planar sections of materials such as essentially transparent plastic. Two procedures are provided for the measurement of luminous transmittance and haze. Procedure A uses a hazemeter as described in Section 5 and Procedure B uses a spectrophotometer as described in Section 8. Material having a haze value greater than 30 % is considered diffusing and should be tested in accordance with Practice E2387.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
Note 1—For greater discrimination among materials that scatter a high percent of light within a narrow forward angle, such as is the case with abraded transparent plastics, adjust the hazemeter and perform measurements in accordance with Test Method D1044.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2—This test method is not equivalent to ISO 13468-1 and ISO/DIS 14782.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Apr-2011
• ICS: 83.140.99 - Other rubber and plastics products
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.40 - Optical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1003-07e1 - Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Replaced By: ASTM D1003-11e1 - Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D2103-15 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Film and Sheeting
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D883-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D4802-16 - Standard Specification for Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Acrylic Plastic Sheet
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D3981-09a(2016) - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Films Made from Medium-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Referred By: ASTM F2097-20 - Standard Guide for Design and Evaluation of Primary Flexible Packaging for Medical Products
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Referred By: ASTM F942-18(2023)e1 - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for Aerospace Transparent Enclosures
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2952-23 - Standard Specification for Air-Purifying Respiratory Protective Smoke Escape Devices (RPED)
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D4851-07(2019)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Coated and Laminated Fabrics for Architectural Use
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E284-22 - Standard Terminology of Appearance
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Referred By: ASTM G21-15(2021)e1 - Standard Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Polymeric Materials to Fungi
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D706-20 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specifications for Cellulose Acetate Molding and Extrusion Compounds (CA)
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D4000-23 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D5577-19 - Standard Guide for Techniques to Separate and Identify Contaminants in Recycled Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1003–11
Standard Test Method for
1
Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1003; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This test method has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense to replace Method 3022 of Federal Test Method
Standard 406.
1. Scope* and Bi-Directional Geometries
E284 Terminology of Appearance
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of specific
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
light-transmitting and wide-angle-light-scattering properties of
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
planar sections of materials such as essentially transparent
E2387 Practice for Goniometric Optical Scatter Measure-
plastic. Two procedures are provided for the measurement of
ments
luminous transmittance and haze. ProcedureAuses a hazeme-
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ter as described in Section 5 and Procedure B uses a spectro-
ISO 13468-1 Plastics—Determination of the Total Lumi-
photometer as described in Section 8. Material having a haze
nous Transmittance of Transparent Materials
value greater than 30 % is considered diffusing and should be
ISO/DIS 14782 Plastics—Determination of Haze of Trans-
tested in accordance with Practice E2387.
parent Materials
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—For greater discrimination among materials that scatter a high
3.1 Definitions—Terms applicable to this test method are
percent of light within a narrow forward angle, such as is the case with
defined in Terminologies D883 and E284.
abraded transparent plastics, adjust the hazemeter and perform measure-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ments in accordance with Test Method D1044.
3.2.1 haze, n—in transmission, the scattering of light by a
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
specimen responsible for the reduction in contrast of objects
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
viewed through it. The percent of transmitted light that is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
scattered so that its direction deviates more than a specified
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
angle from the direction of the incident beam.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—In this test method, the specified angle
is 0.044 rad (2.5°).
NOTE 2—This test method is not equivalent to ISO 13468-1 and
ISO/DIS 14782. 3.2.2 luminous, adj—weighted according to the spectral
luminous efficiency function V() of the CIE (1987).
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.3 luminous transmittance, n—the ratio of the luminous
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
flux transmitted by a body to the flux incident upon it.
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
4. Significance and Use
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1044 Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics
4.1 Light that is scattered upon passing through a film or
to Surface Abrasion
sheet of a material can produce a hazy or smoky field when
E259 Practice for Preparation of Pressed Powder White
objects are viewed through the material.Another effect can be
Reflectance Factor Transfer Standards for Hemispherical
veiling glare, as occurs in an automobile windshield when
driving into the sun.
4.2 Although haze measurements are made most commonly
1
by the use of a hazemeter, a spectrophotometer may be used,
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.40 on Optical Properties.
provided that it meets the geometric and spectral requirements
Current edition approved April 15, 2011. Published April 2011. Originally
of Section 5. The use of a spectrophotometer for haze mea-
´1
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1003 - 07 . DOI:
surement of plastics can provide valuable diagnostic data on
10.1520/D1003-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D1003–07 Designation:D1003–11
Standard Test Method for
1
Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1003; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This test method has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense to replace Method 3022 of Federal Test Method
Standard 406.
1
´ NOTE—Added research report footnote to 7.5.1 editorially in September 2008.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of specific light-transmitting and wide-angle-light-scattering properties of planar
sections of materials such as essentially transparent plastic. Two procedures are provided for the measurement of luminous
transmittance and haze. Procedure A uses a hazemeter as described in Section 5 and Procedure B uses a spectrophotometer as
described in Section 8. Material having a haze value greater than 30 % is considered diffusing and should be tested in accordance
with Practice E167E2387.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
NOTE 1—For greater discrimination among materials that scatter a high percent of light within a narrow forward angle, such as is the case with abraded
transparent plastics, adjust the hazemeter and perform measurements in accordance with Test Method D1044.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 2—This test method is not equivalent to ISO 13468–1 and ISO/DIS 14782.13468-1 and ISO/DIS 14782.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1044 Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion D1898Practice for Sampling of Plastics
E167Practice for Goniophotometry of Objects and Materials
E259 Practice for Preparation of Pressed Powder White Reflectance Factor Transfer Standards for Hemispherical and
Bi-Directional Geometries
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method Practice for Conducting
an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2387 Practice for Goniometric Optical Scatter Measurements
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 13468–1ISO 13468-1 Plastics—Determination of the Total Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Materials
ISO/DIS 14782 Plastics—Determination of Haze of Transparent Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terms applicable to this test method are defined in Terminologies D883 and E284.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.40 on Optical Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D1003-00. DOI:
10.1520/D1003-07E01.
´1
Current edition approved April 15, 2011. Published April 2011. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1003 - 07 . DOI:
10.1520/D1003-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1003–11
3.2.1 haze, n—in transmission, the scattering of light by a specimen responsible for the reduction in contrast of objects viewed
through it. The percent of transmitted light that is scattered so that its direction deviates more than a specified angle from the
direction of the incident beam.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—In this test method, the specified angle is 0.044 rad (2.5°).
3.2.2 lumi
...